Alkaptonuria


Alkaptonuria (Homogentisic acid oxidase deficiency) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a mutation in the HGD gene which codes for homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase. A mutation in this enzyme results in accumulation of homogentisic acid in urine. Symptoms, which present in adulthood, include arthritis, black or brown urine, and urolithiasis. Treatment includes a low-protein diet with vitamin C.

Pathway legend Zoom in

Pathway Image

Pathway legend Zoom in

References

  1. Engelke, U.F.H., S.H. Moolenaar, S.M.G.C. Hoenderop, E. Morava, M. van der Graaf, A. Heerschap and R.A. Wevers. 2007. Handbook of 1H-NMR spectroscopy in inborn errors of metabolism: body fluid NMR spectroscopy and in vivo MR spectroscopy. SPS Publications,The Netherlands.
  2. Uniprot: Q93099
  3. OMIM: Entry 203500
  4. Wikipedia: Alkaptonuria
  5. Alcaptonuria.In: Stanbury, J. B.; Wyngaarden, J. B.; Fredrickson, D. S. The Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease. New York: McGraw-Hill (pp. 268-282) (4th ed.) 1978.
  6. Engelke, U., van der Graaf, M., Heerschap, A., Hoenderop, S., Moolenaar, S., Morava, E., Wevers, R. (2007). Handbook of 1H-NMR spectroscopy in inborn errors of metabolism: body fluid NMR spectroscopy and in vivo MR spectroscopy (pp 27) (2nd ed). Heilbronn: SPS Verlagsgesellschaft
  7. Beltran-Valero de Bernabe D, Granadino B, Chiarelli I, Porfirio B, Mayatepek E, Aquaron R, Moore MM, Festen JJ, Sanmarti R, Penalva MA, de Cordoba SR: Mutation and polymorphism analysis of the human homogentisate 1, 2-dioxygenase gene in alkaptonuria patients. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Apr;62(4):776-84. Pubmed
  8. Elcioglu NH, Aytug AF, Muller CR, Gurbuz O, Ergun T, Kotiloglu E, Elcioglu M: Alkaptonuria caused by compound heterozygote mutations. Genet Couns. 2003;14(2):207-13. Pubmed
  9. Fernandez-Canon JM, Granadino B, Beltran-Valero de Bernabe D, Renedo M, Fernandez-Ruiz E, Penalva MA, Rodriguez de Cordoba S: The molecular basis of alkaptonuria. Nat Genet. 1996 Sep;14(1):19-24. Pubmed
  10. Gehrig A, Schmidt SR, Muller CR, Srsen S, Srsnova K, Kress W: Molecular defects in alkaptonuria. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1997;76(1-2):14-6. Pubmed
  11. Phornphutkul C, Introne WJ, Perry MB, Bernardini I, Murphey MD, Fitzpatrick DL, Anderson PD, Huizing M, Anikster Y, Gerber LH, Gahl WA: Natural history of alkaptonuria. N Engl J Med. 2002 Dec 26;347(26):2111-21. Pubmed