76
Pathway
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway with sequence of ten reactions involving ten intermediate compounds that converts glucose to pyruvate. Glycolysis release free energy for forming high energy compound such as ATP and NADH. Glycolysis is consisted of two phases, which one of them is chemical priming phase and second phase is energy-yielding phase. As the starting compound of chemical priming phase, D-glucose can be obtained from galactose metabolism or imported by monosaccharide-sensing protein 1 from outside of cell. D-Glucose is catalyzed by probable hexokinase-like 2 protein to form glucose 6-phosphate which is powered by ATP. Glucose 6-phosphate transformed to fructose 6-phosphate by glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, which the later compound will be converted to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, which is the last reaction of chemical priming phase by 6-phosphofructokinase with cofactor magnesium, and it is also powered by ATP. Before entering the second phase, aldolase catalyzing the hydrolysis of F1,6BP into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate can convert to each other bidirectionally by facilitation of triosephosphate isomerase. The second phase of glycolysis is yielding-energy phase that produce ATP and NADH. At the first step, D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is catalyzed to glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase with NAD, which also generate NADH. ATP is generated through the reaction that convert glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate to 3-phosphoglyceric acid. Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 catalyze 3-phosphoglyceric acid to 2-Phospho-D-glyceric acid, and alpha-enolase with cofactor magnesium catalyzes 2-Phospho-D-glyceric acid to phosphoenolpyruvic acid. Eventually, plastidial pyruvate kinase 4 converts phosphoenolpyruvic acid to pyruvate with cofactor magnesium and potassium and ADP. Pyruvate will undergo pyruvate metabolism, tyrosine metabolism and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis.
Metabolic
PW000146
Center
PathwayVisualizationContext161
4700
2400
#000099
PathwayVisualization89
76
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway with sequence of ten reactions involving ten intermediate compounds that converts glucose to pyruvate. Glycolysis release free energy for forming high energy compound such as ATP and NADH. Glycolysis is consisted of two phases, which one of them is chemical priming phase and second phase is energy-yielding phase. As the starting compound of chemical priming phase, D-glucose can be obtained from galactose metabolism or imported by monosaccharide-sensing protein 1 from outside of cell. D-Glucose is catalyzed by probable hexokinase-like 2 protein to form glucose 6-phosphate which is powered by ATP. Glucose 6-phosphate transformed to fructose 6-phosphate by glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, which the later compound will be converted to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, which is the last reaction of chemical priming phase by 6-phosphofructokinase with cofactor magnesium, and it is also powered by ATP. Before entering the second phase, aldolase catalyzing the hydrolysis of F1,6BP into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate can convert to each other bidirectionally by facilitation of triosephosphate isomerase. The second phase of glycolysis is yielding-energy phase that produce ATP and NADH. At the first step, D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is catalyzed to glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase with NAD, which also generate NADH. ATP is generated through the reaction that convert glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate to 3-phosphoglyceric acid. Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 catalyze 3-phosphoglyceric acid to 2-Phospho-D-glyceric acid, and alpha-enolase with cofactor magnesium catalyzes 2-Phospho-D-glyceric acid to phosphoenolpyruvic acid. Eventually, plastidial pyruvate kinase 4 converts phosphoenolpyruvic acid to pyruvate with cofactor magnesium and potassium and ADP. Pyruvate will undergo pyruvate metabolism, tyrosine metabolism and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis.
Metabolic
1
168
84
SubPathway
264
164
Compound
2
169
62
SubPathway
265
164
Compound
2
170
87
SubPathway
266
164
Compound
2
171
79
SubPathway
267
77
Compound
2
172
61
SubPathway
268
1207
Compound
2
173
338
SubPathway
269
1207
Compound
2
174
50
SubPathway
270
79
Compound
2
271
869
Compound
2
175
99
SubPathway
272
1207
Compound
2
273
869
Compound
2
176
79
SubPathway
274
869
Compound
2
177
66
SubPathway
275
869
Compound
2
276
180
Compound
2
178
83
SubPathway
277
869
Compound
2
278
644
Compound
2
97
Lehninger, A.L. Lehninger principles of biochemistry (4th ed.) (2005). New York: W.H Freeman.
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Pathway
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Salway, J.G. Metabolism at a glance (3rd ed.) (2004). Alden, Mass.: Blackwell Pub.
76
Pathway
6
Myocyte
CL:0000187
5
Hepatocyte
CL:0000182
1
Cell
CL:0000000
7
Epithelial Cell
CL:0000066
8
Beta cell
CL:0000639
10
Glial cell
CL:0000125
2
Platelet
CL:0000233
3
Neuron
CL:0000540
4
Cardiomyocyte
CL:0000746
28
Macrophage
CL:0000235
23
T Cell
CL:0000084
1
Homo sapiens
9606
Eukaryote
Human
24
Solanum lycopersicum
4081
Eukaryote
Tomato
4
Arabidopsis thaliana
3702
Eukaryote
Thale cress
3
Escherichia coli
562
Prokaryote
18
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4932
Eukaryote
Yeast
12
Mus musculus
10090
Eukaryote
Mouse
23
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
287
Prokaryote
5
Bos taurus
9913
Eukaryote
Cattle
17
Rattus norvegicus
10116
Eukaryote
Rat
10
Drosophila melanogaster
7227
Eukaryote
Fruit fly
6
Caenorhabditis elegans
6239
Eukaryote
Roundworm
2
Bacteria
2
Prokaryote
Bacteria
19
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
4896
Eukaryote
21
Xenopus laevis
8355
Eukaryote
African clawed frog
25
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
83333
Prokaryote
49
Bathymodiolus platifrons
220390
Eukaryote
Deep sea mussel
60
Nitzschia sp.
0001
Eukaryote
Nitzschia4
29
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
559292
Eukaryote
Baker's yeast
51
Picea sitchensis
3332
Eukaryote
Sitka spruce
196
Homo
1924
Eukaryote
Human
240
Plasmodium falciparums
121
Eukaryote
138
human
0046323
Eukaryote
5
Cytoplasm
GO:0005737
1
Cytosol
GO:0005829
25
Golgi Apparatus
GO:0005794
6
Lysosome
GO:0005764
3
Mitochondrial Matrix
GO:0005759
11
Extracellular Space
GO:0005615
2
Mitochondrion
GO:0005739
31
Periplasmic Space
GO:0005620
14
Mitochondrial Outer Membrane
GO:0005741
15
Nucleus
GO:0005634
4
Peroxisome
GO:0005777
13
Endoplasmic Reticulum
GO:0005783
7
Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane
GO:0005789
10
Cell Membrane
GO:0005886
27
Peroxisome Membrane
GO:0005778
35
Chloroplast
GO:0009507
12
Mitochondrial Inner Membrane
GO:0005743
32
Inner Membrane
GO:0070258
34
Plant-Type Vacuole
GO:0000325
19
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
GO:0016529
26
Golgi Apparatus Membrane
GO:0000139
24
Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space
GO:0005758
16
Lysosomal Lumen
GO:0043202
18
Melanosome Membrane
GO:0033162
20
Endoplasmic Reticulum Lumen
GO:0005788
21
Synapse
GO:0045202
36
Membrane
GO:0016020
53
Endoplasmic Reticulum Body
GO:0010168
40
Periplasm
GO:0042597
9
Muscle
BTO:0000887
141
18
1
Liver
BTO:0000759
72
9
8
Blood Vessel
BTO:0001102
74
11
25
Intestine
BTO:0000648
18
Pancreas
BTO:0000988
7
Nervous System
BTO:0001484
2
Endothelium
BTO:0000393
5
cardiocyte
BTO:0001539
4
Adrenal Medulla
BTO:0000049
71
8
28
Stomach
BTO:0001307
155
26
11
Heart
BTO:0000562
73
10
6
Kidney
BTO:0000671
71
8
24
Brain
BTO:0000142
89
16
3
Sympathetic Nervous System
BTO:0001832
50
9
5
1
6
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PW_BS000024
367
1
60
1
PW_BS000028
19
3
5
1
3
PW_BS000019
71
11
1
3
PW_BS000071
306
35
51
1
PW_BS000024
781
6
1
1
PW_BS000522
53
1
10
1
5
PW_BS000053
67
18
10
1
8
PW_BS000067
868
8
10
1
1
PW_BS000552
1008
1
196
1
PW_BS000577
1019
1
240
1
PW_BS000577
1169
8
5
1
28
PW_BS000583
843
1
138
1
PW_BS000549
394
5
1
PW_BS000176
999
8
1
23
PW_BS000574
847
1
1
PW_BS000549
77
D-Glucose
HMDB0000122
Glucose is a monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group and is therefore referred to as an aldohexose. The glucose molecule can exist in an open-chain (acyclic) and ring (cyclic) form, the latter being the result of an intramolecular reaction between the aldehyde C atom and the C-5 hydroxyl group to form an intramolecular hemiacetal. In water solution both forms are in equilibrium and at pH 7 the cyclic one is the predominant. Glucose is a primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. In animals glucose arises from the breakdown of glycogen in a process known as glycogenolysis. Glucose is synthesized in the liver and kidneys from non-carbohydrate intermediates, such as pyruvate and glycerol, by a process known as gluconeogenesis.
2280-44-6
C00031
5793
4167
GLC
5589
[H]C1(O)O[C@]([H])(CO)[C@@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]1([H])O
C6H12O6
InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6?/m1/s1
WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
180.1559
180.063388116
0.64
5
glucose
0
0
FDB012530
Roferose st;(+)-glucose;Anhydrous dextrose;Cpc hydrate;Cerelose;Cerelose 2001;Clearsweet 95;Clintose l;Corn sugar;D(+)-glucose;Dextropur;Dextrose;Dextrosol;Glucodin;Glucolin;Glucose;Goldsugar;Grape sugar;Meritose;Staleydex 111;Staleydex 95m;Tabfine 097(hs);Vadex;D-glc;D-glcp;D-glucose
PW_C000077
D-Glc
1452
50
1460
26
1461
51
1506
2
1540
43
2193
9
2439
4
2679
60
2721
15
2723
61
3027
66
3114
29
3593
3
5692
6
5896
148
5922
149
5923
152
5954
153
6367
107
6368
108
6869
192
6904
193
7085
200
7244
215
11765
114
11766
132
42440
318
42441
315
77085
326
77117
327
77923
336
77989
346
78236
352
78248
353
78262
356
78881
113
79056
112
121166
424
121167
416
121169
423
121251
429
121361
124
121373
419
122098
126
122385
436
122388
437
122399
407
122676
409
123738
459
123739
452
123741
458
123821
464
123920
118
123932
455
124649
443
124939
471
124959
472
124969
119
125251
137
125937
488
125967
492
126034
299
126046
490
126254
301
126540
481
126809
483
127397
505
127423
509
127486
388
127498
507
127817
207
128113
206
128408
208
414
Adenosine triphosphate
HMDB0000538
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide consisting of a purine base (adenine) attached to the first carbon atom of ribose (a pentose sugar). Three phosphate groups are esterified at the fifth carbon atom of the ribose. ATP is incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the processes of DNA replication and transcription. ATP contributes to cellular energy charge and participates in overall energy balance, maintaining cellular homeostasis. ATP can act as an extracellular signaling molecule via interactions with specific purinergic receptors to mediate a wide variety of processes as diverse as neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and bone remodelling. Extracellular ATP and its metabolite adenosine have also been shown to exert a variety of effects on nearly every cell type in human skin, and ATP seems to play a direct role in triggering skin inflammatory, regenerative, and fibrotic responses to mechanical injury, an indirect role in melanocyte proliferation and apoptosis, and a complex role in Langerhans cell-directed adaptive immunity. During exercise, intracellular homeostasis depends on the matching of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply and ATP demand. Metabolites play a useful role in communicating the extent of ATP demand to the metabolic supply pathways. Effects as different as proliferation or differentiation, chemotaxis, release of cytokines or lysosomal constituents, and generation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species are elicited upon stimulation of blood cells with extracellular ATP. The increased concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in erythrocytes from patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) has been observed in many studies but the mechanism leading to these abnormalities still is controversial. (PMID: 15490415, 15129319, 14707763, 14696970, 11157473).
56-65-5
C00002
5957
15422
ATP
5742
DB00171
NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
C10H16N5O13P3
InChI=1S/C10H16N5O13P3/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(26-10)1-25-30(21,22)28-31(23,24)27-29(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1
ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-N
({[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)phosphonic acid
507.181
506.995745159
-2.05
7
adenosine triphosphate
0
-3
FDB021813
5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) adenosine;5'-atp;Atp;Adenosine 5'-triphosphate;Adenosine 5'-triphosphorate;Adenosine 5'-triphosphoric acid;Adenosine triphosphate;Adenylpyrophosphorate;Adenylpyrophosphoric acid;Adephos;Adetol;Adynol;Atipi;Atriphos;Cardenosine;Fosfobion;Glucobasin;Myotriphos;Phosphobion;Striadyne;Triadenyl;Triphosphaden;Triphosphoric acid adenosine ester;Adenosine-5'-triphosphate;H4atp;Adenosine triphosphoric acid;Adenosine-5'-triphosphoric acid
PW_C000414
ATP
9
2
21
4
60
8
266
16
414
22
478
13
733
32
799
5
934
39
976
3
2105
18
2112
10
2146
49
2156
14
2160
58
2405
59
2434
27
2726
46
2812
29
3029
66
3163
72
3616
61
3617
51
4399
23
4474
31
4768
91
4864
54
5032
89
5035
26
5155
7
5205
97
5215
100
5250
104
5291
101
5313
111
5346
112
5390
103
5406
117
5430
118
5443
120
5542
129
5556
132
5569
133
5603
135
5621
108
5846
143
5854
146
5876
107
5897
147
5924
151
6048
155
6109
161
6230
166
6493
178
6839
188
6870
160
6976
199
7157
205
7184
206
7209
210
7225
213
7229
211
7298
198
7302
216
7390
217
7408
218
7432
163
7481
222
7499
190
8186
225
11847
277
11903
170
12010
281
12039
164
12178
285
12578
226
12691
290
13264
223
15327
308
42326
315
42621
322
42694
318
77028
253
77218
134
77233
329
77468
333
77632
336
78037
332
78041
350
78168
128
78214
351
78240
353
78411
335
78494
115
78850
130
78865
331
78919
334
80028
368
80046
184
80674
119
85629
1
94826
124
113234
94
113282
388
116280
109
119914
122
119992
406
120154
407
120245
382
120362
412
121246
429
121392
123
121397
433
121471
408
121974
410
122065
125
122079
383
122083
405
122402
422
122444
435
122919
399
123009
446
123816
464
123951
447
123956
468
124029
374
124527
444
124616
136
124630
398
124634
376
124943
472
124972
375
125011
470
125304
297
125371
479
125392
299
125515
481
125595
484
126123
485
126220
300
126234
495
126240
478
126547
491
126596
499
126913
501
127123
389
127731
516
127781
395
127796
390
127801
209
128119
508
128167
517
140770
891
1083
Glucose 6-phosphate
HMDB0001401
Glucose 6 phosphate (alpha-D-glucose 6 phosphate or G6P) is the alpha-anomer of glucose-6-phosphate. There are two anomers of glucose 6 phosphate, the alpha anomer and the beta anomer. Glucose 6 phosphate is an ester of glucose with phosphoric acid, made in the course of glucose metabolism by mammalian and other cells. It is a normal constituent of resting muscle and probably is in constant equilibrium with fructose-6-phosphate. (Stedman, 26th ed). Glucose-6-phosphate is a phosphorylated glucose molecule on carbon 6. When glucose enters a cell, it is immediately phosphorylated to G6P. This is catalyzed with hexokinase enzymes, thus consuming one ATP. A major reason for immediate phosphorylation of the glucose is so that it cannot diffuse out of the cell. The phosphorylation adds a charged group so the G6P cannot easily cross cell membranes. G6P can travel down two metabolic pathways, glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. In addition to the metabolic pathways, G6P can also be stored as glycogen in the liver if blood glucose levels are high. If the body needs energy or carbon skeletons for syntheses, G6P can be isomerized to Fructose-6-phosphate and then phosphorylated to Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Note, the molecule now has 2 phosphoryl groups attached. The addition of the 2nd phosphoryl group is an irreversible step, so once this happens G6P will enter glycolysis and be turned into pyruvate (ATP production occurs). If blood glucose levels are high, the body needs a way to store the excess glucose. After being converted to G6P, phosphoglucose mutase (isomerase) can turn the molecule into glucose-1-phosphate. Glucose-1-phosphate can then be combined with uridine triphosphate (UTP) to form UDP-glucose. This reaction is driven by the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate that is released in the reaction. Now, the activated UDP-glucose can add to a growing glycogen molecule with the help of glycogen synthase. This is a very efficient storage mechanism for glucose since it costs the body only 1 ATP to store the 1 glucose molecule and virtually no energy to remove it from storage. It is important to note that glucose-6-phosphate is an allosteric activator of glycogen synthase, which makes sense because when the level of glucose is high the body should store the excess glucose as glycogen. On the other hand, glycogen synthase is inhibited when it is phosphorylated by protein kinase a during times of high stress or low blood glucose levels. -- Wikipedia.
56-73-5
C00092
5958
4170
GLC-6-P
5743
OC1O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O
C6H13O9P
InChI=1S/C6H13O9P/c7-3-2(1-14-16(11,12)13)15-6(10)5(9)4(3)8/h2-10H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6?/m1/s1
NBSCHQHZLSJFNQ-GASJEMHNSA-N
{[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy}phosphonic acid
260.1358
260.029718526
-0.92
6
glucose 6-phosphate
0
-2
FDB021818
D(+)-glucopyranose 6-phosphate;D-glucose 6-phosphate;D-glucose-6-dihydrogen phosphate;D-hexose 6-phosphate;Glucose 6-phosphate;Glucose-6-phosphate;Robison ester;A-d-glucose 6- phosphate;Alpha-d-glucose 6- phosphate;Alpha-d-glucose 6-phosphate;Alpha-d-hexose 6-phosphate;6-o-phosphono-d-glucopyranose;Glc6p;D-glucopyranose 6-phosphoric acid;D-glucose 6-phosphoric acid
PW_C001083
Gluc-6P
1118
8
1804
2
2381
18
3125
29
5898
147
5925
151
6065
158
6871
160
7403
198
11912
164
12577
225
77086
132
77936
336
77949
130
78164
111
120824
122
121172
124
121200
125
121264
429
123409
135
123744
118
123770
136
123834
464
125815
297
125938
299
127267
205
127398
388
1034
Adenosine diphosphate
HMDB0001341
Adenosine diphosphate, abbreviated ADP, is a nucleotide. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleotide adenine. ADP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. ADP is the product of ATP dephosphorylation by ATPases. ADP is converted back to ATP by ATP synthases.
58-64-0
C00008
6022
16761
ADP
5800
NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
C10H15N5O10P2
InChI=1S/C10H15N5O10P2/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(24-10)1-23-27(21,22)25-26(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1
XTWYTFMLZFPYCI-KQYNXXCUSA-N
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]phosphonic acid
427.2011
427.029414749
-2.12
6
adenosine-diphosphate
0
-2
FDB021817
Adp;Adenosindiphosphorsaeure;Adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate;Adenosine diphosphate;Adenosine pyrophosphate;Adenosine-5'-diphosphate;Adenosine-5-diphosphate;Adenosine-diphosphate;5'-adenylphosphoric acid;Adenosine 5'-diphosphate;H3adp;5'-adenylphosphate;Adenosine 5'-diphosphoric acid;Adenosine-5'-diphosphoric acid
PW_C001034
ADP
23
4
134
8
415
22
482
13
801
5
963
15
978
3
1061
14
1518
2
1901
49
2104
18
2113
10
2161
58
2408
59
2435
27
2728
47
2736
46
2855
29
3165
72
3635
61
4400
23
4476
31
4770
91
5036
26
5157
7
5208
97
5217
100
5315
111
5349
112
5392
103
5446
120
5544
129
5572
133
5624
108
5741
117
5764
101
5849
143
5856
146
5878
107
5899
147
5926
151
6050
155
6111
161
6231
166
6495
178
6700
94
6841
188
6872
160
7159
205
7187
206
7208
210
7226
213
7231
211
7300
198
7303
216
7391
217
7410
218
7433
163
7483
222
8187
225
11851
277
11905
170
12013
281
12180
285
13262
223
15329
308
42328
315
42398
313
42622
322
42696
318
77029
253
77087
132
77216
134
77306
329
77472
333
77663
336
78039
332
78043
350
78170
128
78215
351
78244
353
78414
335
78495
115
78705
331
78849
130
78920
334
80030
368
80622
118
80651
135
80676
119
94827
124
113283
388
116204
109
119944
122
119994
406
120156
407
120318
382
120366
412
121248
429
121394
123
121399
433
121472
408
121899
383
121976
410
122064
125
122085
405
122405
422
122445
435
122973
399
123013
446
123818
464
123953
447
123958
468
124030
374
124452
398
124529
444
124615
136
124636
376
124947
472
124975
375
125012
470
125334
297
125373
479
125492
299
125517
481
125645
484
126125
485
126219
300
126235
495
126242
478
126550
491
126597
499
126915
501
127733
516
127780
395
127797
390
127803
209
128122
508
128168
517
128313
389
1851
α-D-Glucose
HMDB0003345
Alpha-D-Glucose, also known as alpha-dextrose or alpha-D-GLC, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexoses. These are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a is a six-carbon containing moeity. Alpha-D-Glucose exists as a solid, soluble (in water), and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Alpha-D-Glucose has been found in human epidermis and intestine tissues, and has also been detected in multiple biofluids, such as feces and saliva. Within the cell, Alpha-D-glucose is primarily located in the cytoplasm. Alpha-D-Glucose exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Alpha-D-Glucose participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, Alpha-D-Glucose and Beta-D-glucose can be biosynthesized from α,α-trehalose; which is mediated by the enzyme cytoplasmic trehalase. Furthermore, Beta-D-Glucose and Alpha-D-glucose can be biosynthesized from α,α-trehalose; which is catalyzed by the enzyme periplasmic trehalase. Furthermore, Alpha-D-Glucose can be converted into α-D-glucose 6-phosphate through its interaction with the enzyme glucose PTS permease. Finally, Alpha-D-Glucose can be converted into α-D-glucose 6-phosphate; which is catalyzed by the enzyme glucose PTS permease. In humans, Alpha-D-glucose is involved in the nucleotide sugars metabolism pathway, the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, the fructose intolerance, hereditary pathway, and the fructose and mannose degradation pathway. Alpha-D-Glucose is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include the glycogenosis, type ia. von gierke disease pathway, sucrase-isomaltase deficiency, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency, and the mucopolysaccharidosis vi. sly syndrome pathway. Outside of the human body, Alpha-D-glucose can be found in a number of food items such as naranjilla, shallot, apple, and peach (var.). This makes Alpha-D-glucose a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Alpha-D-Glucose is a primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.
492-62-6
C00267
79025
17925
ALPHA-GLUCOSE-16-BISPHOSPHATE
71358
OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
C6H12O6
InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6+/m1/s1
WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-DVKNGEFBSA-N
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
180.1559
180.063388116
0.64
5
α-glucose
0
0
FDB011829
Hexopyranose;A-d-glucopyranose;A-d-glucose;A-dextrose;A-glucose;Alpha-d-glucopyranose;Alpha-d-glucose;Alpha-dextrose;Alpha-glucose;Alpha-delta-glucopyranose;Alpha-delta-glucose;Alpha-d-glc;A-d-glc;α-d-glc;α-d-glucose;α-dextrose
PW_C001851
a-D-Glc
1006
8
2218
2
2297
15
3128
29
3606
60
5901
147
5928
151
6205
105
6874
160
7264
190
42605
320
77089
132
77912
111
77938
336
78900
114
79060
352
120710
122
121174
124
121267
429
122356
409
122583
436
123315
135
123746
118
123837
464
124910
137
125155
471
125814
297
125940
299
127266
205
127400
388
395
β-D-Glucose
HMDB0000516
Beta-D-Glucose is a primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement. A glucoside is a glycoside that is derived from glucose. Glucosides are common in plants, but rare in animals. Glucose is produced when a glucoside is hydrolysed by purely chemical means, or decomposed by fermentation or enzymes. This group contains a benzene and also an ethylene group, being derived from styrolene. Coniferin, C16H22O8, occurs in the cambium of conifer wood. Emulsin converts it into glucose and coniferyl alcohol, while oxidation gives glycovanillin, which yields with emulsin glucose and vanillin. Syringin, which occurs in the bark of Syringe vulgaris, is a methoxyconiferin. Phloridzus occurs in the root-bark of various fruit trees; it hydrolyses to glucose and phloretin, which is the phloroglucin ester of paraoxyhydratropic acid. It is related to the pentosides naringin, C21HEOi1, which hydrolyses to rhamnose and naringenin, the phioroglucin ester of para-oxycinnamic acid, and hesperidin, which hydrolyses to rhamnose and hesperetin, the phloroglucin ester of meta-oxy-para-methoxycinnamic acid or isoferulic acid, C10H10O4. Classification of the glucosides is a matter of some difficulty. One based on the chemical constitution of the non-glucose part of the molecules has been proposed that frames four groups: (I) ethylene derivatives, (2) benzene derivatives, (3) styrolene derivatives, (4) anthracene derivatives. A group may also be made to include the cyanogenetic glucosides, i.e. those containing prussic acid. Other classifications follow a botanical classification, which has several advantages; in particular, plants of allied genera contain similar compounds. In this article the chemical classification will be followed, and only the more important compounds will be discussed here.
492-61-5
C00221
64689
15903
58238
OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
C6H12O6
InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6-/m1/s1
WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
180.1559
180.063388116
0.64
5
glucoside
0
0
FDB011824
B-d-glucopyranose;B-dextrose;B-glucose;Beta-d-glucopyranose;Beta-d-glucose;Beta-dextrose;Beta-glucose;Beta-delta-glucopyranose;Glucose
PW_C000395
Glu
2222
2
3605
60
3608
61
3646
51
3647
29
5902
147
5929
151
6366
107
6875
160
9044
226
12988
167
42606
318
77090
132
79059
352
79061
353
79062
336
79064
326
121175
124
122582
436
122585
437
122586
429
122588
416
123747
118
125154
471
125157
472
125158
464
125160
452
125941
299
127401
388
1906
β-D-Glucose 6-phosphate
HMDB0003498
Beta-D-Glucose 6 phosphate (b-G6P) is the beta-anomer of glucose-6-phosphate. There are two anomers of glucose 6 phosphate, the alpha anomer and the beta anomer. Specifically, beta-D-Glucose 6-phosphate is glucose sugar phosphorylated on carbon 6. It is a very common metabolite in cells as the vast majority of glucose entering a cell will become phosphorylated in this way. The primary reason for the immediate phosphorylation of glucose is to prevent diffusion out of the cell. The phosphorylation adds a charged phosphate group so the glucose 6-phosphate cannot easily cross the cell membrane. b-G6P is involved in the glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate, and glycogen and sucrose metabolic pathways [Kegg ID: C01172]. Beta-D-Glucose 6 phosphate can be generated through beta-D-fructose phosphate or alpha-D-glucose 6 phosphate (via glucose-6-phosphate isomerase) or beta-D glucose (via hexokinase). It can then be sent off to the pentose phosphate pathway which generates the useful cofactor NADPH as well as ribulose 5-phosphate, a carbon source for the synthesis of other molecules. Alternately if the cell needs energy or carbon skeletons for synthesis then glucose 6-phosphate is targeted for glycolysis. A third route is to have glucose 6 phosphate stored or converted to glycogen, especially if blood glucose levels are high.
C01172
439427
17719
388538
O[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O
C6H13O9P
InChI=1S/C6H13O9P/c7-3-2(1-14-16(11,12)13)15-6(10)5(9)4(3)8/h2-10H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6-/m1/s1
NBSCHQHZLSJFNQ-VFUOTHLCSA-N
{[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy}phosphonic acid
260.1358
260.029718526
-0.92
6
β-D-glucose 6-phosphate
0
-2
FDB023183
Beta-d-glucose 6-(dihydrogen phosphate);Beta-d-glucose 6-phosphate;6-h2po3glcbeta;6-o-phosphono-beta-d-glucopyranose;Beta-d-glucose 6-phosphic acid;Beta-d-glucose-6-phosphate;B-d-glucose 6-phosphate;B-d-glucose 6-phosphoric acid;Beta-d-glucose 6-phosphoric acid;β-d-glucose 6-phosphate;β-d-glucose 6-phosphoric acid;6-o-phosphono-b-d-glucopyranose;6-o-phosphono-β-d-glucopyranose;B-d-glucose 6-(dihydrogen phosphate);B-d-glucose 6-(dihydrogen phosphoric acid);Beta-d-glucose 6-(dihydrogen phosphoric acid);β-d-glucose 6-(dihydrogen phosphate);β-d-glucose 6-(dihydrogen phosphoric acid);B-d-glucose-6-phosphate;B-d-glucose-6-phosphoric acid;Beta-d-glucose-6-phosphoric acid;β-d-glucose-6-phosphate;β-d-glucose-6-phosphoric acid
PW_C001906
BDGlu6P
1728
2
3649
29
5903
147
5931
151
6211
108
6288
107
6877
160
12982
166
13290
225
42381
318
42382
315
77092
132
79063
336
121177
124
122587
429
123749
118
125159
464
125943
299
127403
388
137064
707
137065
280
79
Fructose 6-phosphate
HMDB0000124
Fructose 6-phosphate is an important intermediate in the Carbohydrates pathway. The interconversion of glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate, the second step of the Embden-Meyerhof glycolytic pathway, is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI). In gluconeogenesis, fructose-6-phosphate is the immediate precursor of glucose-6-phosphate (wikipedia).
643-13-0
C00085
69507
15946
FRUCTOSE-6P
62713
OCC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)COP(O)(O)=O
C6H13O9P
InChI=1S/C6H13O9P/c7-1-3(8)5(10)6(11)4(9)2-15-16(12,13)14/h4-7,9-11H,1-2H2,(H2,12,13,14)/t4-,5-,6-/m1/s1
GSXOAOHZAIYLCY-HSUXUTPPSA-N
{[(2R,3R,4S)-2,3,4,6-tetrahydroxy-5-oxohexyl]oxy}phosphonic acid
260.1358
260.029718526
-1.05
6
D-fructose 6-phosphate
0
-2
FDB021896
D-fructose 6-phosphate;D-fructose 6-phosphorate;D-fructose 6-phosphoric acid;D-fructose-6-p;D-fructose-6-phosphate;Fpc;Fru-6-p;Fructose 6-phosphate;Fructose-6-p;Fructose-6-phosphate;Fructose-6p;Neuberg ester
PW_C000079
Fru6P
388
8
1014
3
1785
2
5904
147
5932
151
6465
108
6878
160
12987
166
13297
225
42676
315
77093
132
77294
111
77919
112
80660
135
120142
122
120716
407
121178
124
123321
119
123750
118
125504
297
125944
299
127041
205
127404
388
833
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
HMDB0001058
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is fructose sugar or fructosephosphate that has been phosphorylated on carbons 1 and 6. The beta-D-form of this compound is very common in cells. The vast majority of glucose and fructose entering a cell is converted to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate at some point. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is a key component in the glycolysis metabolic pathway and is produced by phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate The enzyme phosphofructokinase uses ATP to transfer a phosphate group to fructose 6-phosphate to form fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate. fructose The enzyme aldolase splits fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate into two sugars that are isomers of each other. These two sugars are dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde phosphate. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is an allosteric activator of pyruvate kinase.
488-69-7
C00354
445557
16905
FRUCTOSE-16-DIPHOSPHATE
393165
O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@](O)(COP(O)(O)=O)O[C@@H]1COP(O)(O)=O
C6H14O12P2
InChI=1S/C6H14O12P2/c7-4-3(1-16-19(10,11)12)18-6(9,5(4)8)2-17-20(13,14)15/h3-5,7-9H,1-2H2,(H2,10,11,12)(H2,13,14,15)/t3-,4-,5+,6-/m1/s1
RNBGYGVWRKECFJ-ARQDHWQXSA-N
{[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-5-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}phosphonic acid
340.1157
339.996048936
-1.33
7
[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-5-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]oxolan-2-yl]methoxyphosphonic acid
0
-4
FDB022397
D-fructose 1,6-biphosphate;D-fructose 1,6-bis(dihydrogen phosphate);D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate;D-fructose 1,6-diphosphate;D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate;D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate;Diphosphofructose;Esafosfan;Esafosfina;Fdp;Fosfructose;Fructose 1,6-bis;Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate;Fructose 1,6-diphosphate;Harden-young ester;1,6-di-o-phosphono-alpha-d-fructofuranose;Alpha fructose 1,6-diphosphate;1,6-di-o-phosphono-a-d-fructofuranose;1,6-di-o-phosphono-α-d-fructofuranose
PW_C000833
Fru1,6P
1021
8
1790
2
5905
147
5933
151
6880
160
13358
225
77095
132
77931
111
120727
122
121180
124
123328
135
123752
118
125946
299
127406
388
423
Magnesium
HMDB0000547
Magnesium salts are essential in nutrition, being required for the activity of many enzymes, especially those concerned with oxidative phosphorylation. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. It is a component of both intra- and extracellular fluids and is excreted in the urine and feces. Deficiency causes irritability of the nervous system with tetany, vasodilatation, convulsions, tremors, depression, and psychotic behavior. Magnesium ion in large amounts is an ionic laxative, and magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts) is sometimes used for this purpose. So-called "milk of magnesia" is a water suspension of one of the few insoluble magnesium compounds, magnesium hydroxide; the undissolved particles give rise to its appearance and name. Milk of magnesia is a mild base, and is commonly used as an antacid.
22537-22-0
C00305
888
18420
13-HYDROXY-MAGNESIUM-PROTOPORP
865
DB01378
[Mg++]
Mg
InChI=1S/Mg/q+2
JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
magnesium(2+) ion
24.305
23.985041898
0
magnesium(2+) ion
2
2
FDB003518
Magnesium;Magnesium ions;Magnesium ion;Magnesium, doubly charged positive ion;Magnesium, ion (mg(2+));Mg(2+);Mg2+
PW_C000423
Mg2+
86
8
227
4
268
16
476
2
727
26
811
5
819
18
883
22
936
39
983
3
992
21
1167
46
1483
49
1529
43
1764
14
2124
10
2411
59
2942
23
3126
29
3373
7
4540
31
4774
91
4869
54
4974
56
5253
104
5329
111
5356
112
5376
103
5906
147
5934
151
6038
155
6094
161
6250
166
6484
178
6594
164
6881
160
6979
199
7170
205
7194
206
7227
213
7233
211
7250
214
7310
216
7313
198
7473
222
11763
132
11843
210
12312
225
12324
249
12513
288
12581
226
12729
290
15275
285
15337
308
77137
133
77236
329
77937
336
78393
334
78417
335
78489
115
78522
331
78536
356
78574
130
80020
368
80045
184
80048
372
80623
118
80654
135
80865
15
80965
253
81841
51
93832
383
94900
27
108596
223
110559
390
115687
398
119974
406
120070
122
120247
382
120702
407
120981
408
121181
124
121265
429
121319
419
121924
125
122086
405
122408
422
122759
120
122921
399
123307
119
123546
374
123835
464
123889
455
124477
136
124637
376
124978
375
125447
297
125598
484
125669
479
125777
481
125921
482
125947
299
125973
495
126000
490
126243
478
126553
491
126753
300
127125
389
127164
501
127380
502
127407
388
127451
507
127804
209
128125
508
128347
395
140773
891
869
D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
HMDB0001112
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) or triose phosphate is an aldotriose, an important metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and in tryptophan biosynthesis. G3P is formed from Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP),and 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, (1,3BPG), and this is how glycerol (as DHAP) enters the glycolytic and gluconeogenesis pathways.
591-59-3
C00661
729
17138
GAP
709
DB02263
OC(COP(O)(O)=O)C=O
C3H7O6P
InChI=1S/C3H7O6P/c4-1-3(5)2-9-10(6,7)8/h1,3,5H,2H2,(H2,6,7,8)
LXJXRIRHZLFYRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
(2-hydroxy-3-oxopropoxy)phosphonic acid
170.0578
169.998024468
-0.92
3
glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate
0
-2
FDB001619
2-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)-propanal;3-phosphoglyceraldehyde;D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate;D-glyceraldehyde-3-p;Dl-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate;Gap;Glyceraldehyde-3-p;Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate;Glyceraldehyde-p;Glyceraldehyde-phosphate;2-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)propanal;Gliceraldehido-3-fosfato;Glyceraldehyde 3-(dihydrogen phosphate);Glycerinaldehyd-3-phosphat;Glyzerinaldehyd-3-phosphat;(2-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl) dihydrogen phosphoric acid;Glyceraldehyde 3-(dihydrogen phosphoric acid);Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphoric acid
PW_C000869
Glyc3P
1027
8
1781
2
5907
147
5935
151
6883
160
12800
225
77014
253
77097
132
77935
111
120734
122
121183
124
123334
135
123754
118
125784
297
125949
299
127239
205
127409
388
1134
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
HMDB0001473
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate, also known as 3-phosphate, dihydroxyacetone or 3-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl phosphate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as monosaccharide phosphates. These are monosaccharides comprising a phosphated group linked to the carbohydrate unit. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Dihydroxyacetone phosphate has been detected in multiple biofluids, such as saliva and blood. Within the cell, dihydroxyacetone phosphate is primarily located in the peroxisome, mitochondria and cytoplasm. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, dihydroxyacetone phosphate is involved in cardiolipin biosynthesis CL(i-13:0/i-21:0/a-17:0/i-14:0) pathway, cardiolipin biosynthesis CL(i-14:0/a-13:0/i-19:0/a-25:0) pathway, cardiolipin biosynthesis CL(i-12:0/i-13:0/i-17:0/i-12:0) pathway, and cardiolipin biosynthesis CL(a-13:0/18:2(9Z,11Z)/i-20:0/i-22:0) pathway. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(8:0/a-21:0/13:0) pathway, de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(16:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) pathway, de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(i-20:0/i-21:0/19:0) pathway, and de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(i-22:0/17:0/i-14:0) pathway. Outside of the human body, dihydroxyacetone phosphate can be found in a number of food items such as towel gourd, boysenberry, jujube, and prunus (cherry, plum). This makes dihydroxyacetone phosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is an important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis.
57-04-5
C00111
668
16108
DIHYDROXY-ACETONE-PHOSPHATE
648
DB04326
OCC(=O)COP(O)(O)=O
C3H7O6P
InChI=1S/C3H7O6P/c4-1-3(5)2-9-10(6,7)8/h4H,1-2H2,(H2,6,7,8)
GNGACRATGGDKBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
(3-hydroxy-2-oxopropoxy)phosphonic acid
170.0578
169.998024468
-0.89
3
dihydroxyacetone-phosphate
0
-2
FDB001618
1,3-dihydroxy-2-propanone mono(dihydrogen phosphate);1,3-dihydroxy-2-propanone phosphate;1,3-dihydroxyacetone 1-phosphate;1-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)-2-propanone;1-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)acetone;Dhap;Di-oh-acetone-p;Dihydroxy-acetone-p;Dihydroxy-acetone-phosphate;Dihydroxyacetone 3-phosphate;Dihydroxyacetone monophosphate;Dihydroxyacetone phosphate;Dihydroxyacetone-p;Dihydroxyacetone-phosphate;Glycerone phosphate;Glycerone-phosphate;Phosphoric acid ester with 1,3-dihydroxy-2-propanone;1,3-dihydroxy-2-propanone monodihydrogen phosphate;3-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl phosphate;Glycerone monophosphate;1,3-dihydroxy-2-propanone monodihydrogen phosphoric acid;Glycerone phosphoric acid;1,3-dihydroxy-2-propanone phosphoric acid;1,3-dihydroxyacetone 1-phosphoric acid;3-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl phosphoric acid;Dihydroxyacetone monophosphoric acid;Dihydroxyacetone phosphoric acid;Glycerone monophosphoric acid
PW_C001134
Dhapp
1026
8
1474
2
3305
5
4253
42
5813
108
5908
147
5936
151
6884
160
42660
315
77098
132
77934
111
78374
345
78559
334
93824
124
110551
388
115839
118
120733
122
122564
418
122590
408
123333
135
125137
454
125162
374
125787
297
125950
299
126712
489
126736
482
127242
205
128303
506
128330
502
1207
Glucose 1-phosphate
HMDB0001586
The direct product of the reaction in which glycogen phosphorylase cleaves off a molecule of glucose from a greater glycogen structure. It cannot travel down many metabolic pathways and must be interconverted by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase in order to become glucose 6-phosphate. Free glucose 1-phosphate can also react with UTP to form UDP-glucose. It can then return to the greater glycogen structure via glycogen synthase.
59-56-3
C00103
439165
16077
GLC-1-P
388311
OC[C@H]1OC(OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
C6H13O9P
InChI=1S/C6H13O9P/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(14-2)15-16(11,12)13/h2-10H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6?/m1/s1
HXXFSFRBOHSIMQ-GASJEMHNSA-N
{[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid
260.1358
260.029718526
-0.91
6
glucose 1-phosphate
0
-2
FDB021830
Cori ester;D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate;D-glucose 1-phosphate;D-glucose-1-p;D-glucose-1-phosphate;Glucose 1-phosphate;Glucose monophosphate;Glucose-1-phosphate;Glucose-1p;A-d-glucopyranosyl phosphate;A-d-glucose 1-phosphate;Alpha-d-glucopyranosyl phosphate;Alpha-d-glucose 1-phosphate;Alpha-d-glucose-1-phosphate;Alpha-delta-glucopyranosyl phosphate;Alpha-delta-glucose 1-phosphate;Alpha-delta-glucose-1-phosphate;Delta-glucopyranose 1-phosphate;Delta-glucose 1-phosphate;Delta-glucose-1-p;Delta-glucose-1-phosphate;1-o-phosphono-d-glucopyranose;Glc-1-p;D-glucopyranose 1-phosphoric acid;D-glucose 1-phosphoric acid
PW_C001207
Gluc1P
1120
8
1505
2
3117
29
5690
6
5909
147
5939
151
6887
160
12576
225
77101
132
77926
336
78401
111
120826
122
121186
124
121254
429
123411
135
123757
118
123824
464
125817
297
125953
299
127269
205
127412
388
1420
Water
HMDB0002111
Water is a chemical substance that is essential to all known forms of life. It appears colorless to the naked eye in small quantities, though it is actually slightly blue in color. It covers 71% of Earth's surface. Current estimates suggest that there are 1.4 billion cubic kilometers (330 million m3) of it available on Earth, and it exists in many forms. It appears mostly in the oceans (saltwater) and polar ice caps, but it is also present as clouds, rain water, rivers, freshwater aquifers, lakes, and sea ice. Water in these bodies perpetually moves through a cycle of evaporation, precipitation, and runoff to the sea. Clean water is essential to human life. In many parts of the world, it is in short supply. From a biological standpoint, water has many distinct properties that are critical for the proliferation of life that set it apart from other substances. It carries out this role by allowing organic compounds to react in ways that ultimately allow replication. All known forms of life depend on water. Water is vital both as a solvent in which many of the body's solutes dissolve and as an essential part of many metabolic processes within the body. Metabolism is the sum total of anabolism and catabolism. In anabolism, water is removed from molecules (through energy requiring enzymatic chemical reactions) in order to grow larger molecules (e.g. starches, triglycerides and proteins for storage of fuels and information). In catabolism, water is used to break bonds in order to generate smaller molecules (e.g. glucose, fatty acids and amino acids to be used for fuels for energy use or other purposes). Water is thus essential and central to these metabolic processes. Water is also central to photosynthesis and respiration. Photosynthetic cells use the sun's energy to split off water's hydrogen from oxygen. Hydrogen is combined with CO2 (absorbed from air or water) to form glucose and release oxygen. All living cells use such fuels and oxidize the hydrogen and carbon to capture the sun's energy and reform water and CO2 in the process (cellular respiration). Water is also central to acid-base neutrality and enzyme function. An acid, a hydrogen ion (H+, that is, a proton) donor, can be neutralized by a base, a proton acceptor such as hydroxide ion (OH-) to form water. Water is considered to be neutral, with a pH (the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration) of 7. Acids have pH values less than 7 while bases have values greater than 7. Stomach acid (HCl) is useful to digestion. However, its corrosive effect on the esophagus during reflux can temporarily be neutralized by ingestion of a base such as aluminum hydroxide to produce the neutral molecules water and the salt aluminum chloride. Human biochemistry that involves enzymes usually performs optimally around a biologically neutral pH of 7.4. (Wikipedia).
7732-18-5
C00001
962
15377
937
O
H2O
InChI=1S/H2O/h1H2
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
water
18.0153
18.010564686
1
water
0
0
FDB013390
Dihydrogen oxide;Steam;[oh2];Acqua;Agua;Aqua;Bound water;Dihydridooxygen;Eau;H2o;Hoh;Hydrogen hydroxide;Wasser
PW_C001420
H2O
55
8
94
9
109
5
139
4
151
3
162
14
481
13
526
15
624
28
652
10
691
20
770
33
823
18
838
2
1094
31
1377
49
1465
54
1590
43
2018
24
2532
22
2678
60
2727
46
2778
17
2805
29
3143
70
3164
72
3634
61
4598
36
4727
37
4941
93
5030
27
5156
7
5195
97
5214
100
5227
94
5236
103
5297
105
5319
111
5343
113
5355
112
5402
110
5470
123
5483
125
5492
126
5507
127
5534
130
5537
114
5541
129
5591
135
5608
118
5622
108
5691
6
5759
140
5778
101
5841
143
5853
146
5877
107
5890
95
5910
147
5940
151
6032
155
6059
157
6087
161
6123
163
6133
159
6215
1
6218
166
6477
178
6507
180
6600
152
6713
117
6840
188
6888
160
7162
205
7181
207
7193
206
7211
211
7228
213
7238
214
7243
215
7295
198
7350
216
7388
210
7401
212
7467
222
7492
224
7500
190
7588
170
8201
225
8237
226
8414
162
9265
26
11850
277
11922
164
12011
281
12213
285
12250
286
12264
287
12327
249
12520
227
12632
65
12693
290
12705
291
12715
292
13007
298
13019
300
13025
301
13037
302
13261
223
13327
294
15340
308
42327
315
42695
318
43691
322
76914
293
77019
253
77102
132
77131
133
77215
134
77378
331
77397
332
77471
333
77516
115
77536
334
77628
336
77722
337
77759
341
77816
343
77982
347
78071
329
78235
352
78242
353
78270
356
79113
360
80014
368
80039
370
80591
228
80656
119
93830
383
94794
384
110557
390
110639
391
115844
398
119879
232
119915
122
119963
406
120008
407
120046
408
120113
124
120365
412
120430
405
120438
409
120606
415
120794
414
121158
425
121240
429
121351
121
121381
419
121607
434
122118
382
122384
436
122753
120
122797
374
122804
443
123012
446
123064
376
123072
137
123131
447
123142
136
123162
448
123231
451
123384
450
123730
460
123810
464
123940
455
124165
469
124670
399
124938
471
124945
472
125305
297
125353
479
125386
481
125424
482
125480
299
125682
483
125707
478
125745
487
126054
490
126238
495
126273
484
126764
480
126896
501
126963
502
127017
388
127177
208
127199
209
127227
504
127506
507
127576
515
127836
389
128082
395
128176
513
140674
790
140675
834
140755
185
1104
Phosphate
HMDB0001429
Phosphate is a salt of phosphoric acid. In organic chemistry, a phosphate, or organophosphate, is an ester of phosphoric acid. Organic phosphates are important in biochemistry, biogeochemistry and ecology. Phosphate (Pi) is an essential component of life. In biological systems, phosphorus is found as a free phosphate ion in solution and is called inorganic phosphate, to distinguish it from phosphates bound in various phosphate esters. Inorganic phosphate is generally denoted Pi and at physiological (neutral) pH primarily consists of a mixture of HPO<sup>2-</sup><sub>4</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>PO<sup>-</sup><sub>4</sub> ions. phosphates are most commonly found in the form of adenosine phosphates, (AMP, ADP and ATP) and in DNA and RNA and can be released by the hydrolysis of ATP or ADP. Similar reactions exist for the other nucleoside diphosphates and triphosphates. Phosphoanhydride bonds in ADP and ATP, or other nucleoside diphosphates and triphosphates, contain high amounts of energy which give them their vital role in all living organisms. Phosphate must be actively transported into cells against its electrochemical gradient. In vertebrates, two unrelated families of Na+-dependent Pi transporters carry out this task. Remarkably, the two families transport different Pi species: whereas type II Na+/Pi cotransporters (SCL34) prefer divalent HPO4(2), type III Na+/Pi cotransporters (SLC20) transport monovalent H2PO4. The SCL34 family comprises both electrogenic and electroneutral members that are expressed in various epithelia and other polarized cells. Through regulated activity in apical membranes of the gut and kidney, they maintain body Pi homeostasis, and in salivary and mammary glands, liver, and testes they play a role in modulating the Pi content of luminal fluids. Phosphate levels in the blood play an important role in hormone signaling and in bone homeostasis. In classical endocrine regulation, low serum phosphate induces the renal production of the seco-steroid hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3).This active metabolite of vitamin D acts to restore circulating mineral (i.e. phosphate and calcium) levels by increasing absorption in the intestine, reabsorption in the kidney, and mobilization of calcium and phosphate from bone. Thus, chronic renal failure is associated with hyperparathyroidism, which in turn contributes to osteomalacia (softening of the bones). Another complication of chronic renal failure is hyperphosphatemia (low levels of phosphate in the blood). Hyperphosphatemia (excess levels of phosphate in the blood) is a prevalent condition in kidney dialysis patients and is associated with increased risk of mortality. Hypophosphatemia (hungry bone syndrome) has been associated to postoperative electrolyte aberrations and after parathyroidectomy. (PMID: 17581921, 11169009, 11039261, 9159312, 17625581)Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) has recently been recognized as a key mediator of phosphate homeostasis, its most notable effect being promotion of phosphate excretion. FGF-23 was discovered to be involved in diseases such as autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets, X-linked hypophosphatemia, and tumor-induced osteomalacia in which phosphate wasting was coupled to inappropriately low levels of 1,25(OH)2D3. FGF-23 is regulated by dietary phosphate in humans. In particular it was found that phosphate restriction decreased FGF-23, and phosphate loading increased FGF-23.
14265-44-2
C00009
1061
18367
CPD-8587
1032
OP(O)(O)=O
H3O4P
InChI=1S/H3O4P/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H3,1,2,3,4)
NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
phosphoric acid
97.9952
97.976895096
3
phosphoric acid
0
-2
DBMET00532
FDB022617
Nfb orthophosphate;O-phosphoric acid;Ortho-phosphate;Orthophosphate (po43-);Orthophosphate(3-);Phosphate;Phosphate (po43-);Phosphate anion(3-);Phosphate ion (po43-);Phosphate ion(3-);Phosphate trianion;Phosphate(3-);Phosphoric acid ion(3-);Pi;[po4](3-);Orthophosphate;Phosphate ion;Po4(3-);Phosphoric acid;Orthophosphoric acid;Phosphoric acid ion
PW_C001104
Pi
24
4
84
8
814
5
818
18
831
2
980
3
1763
14
1767
49
2500
10
2729
47
2737
46
3129
29
3166
72
3636
61
3851
23
4249
22
4475
31
5031
27
5158
7
5207
97
5216
100
5317
111
5351
112
5381
103
5447
120
5543
129
5573
133
5605
135
5625
108
5693
6
5848
143
5855
146
5911
147
5941
151
6040
155
6100
161
6294
107
6487
178
6691
101
6714
117
6842
188
6889
160
7161
205
7189
206
7212
211
7306
198
7389
210
7402
212
7436
163
7475
222
8196
225
8258
227
10118
241
10134
257
11748
132
11761
115
11773
213
11904
170
11927
164
12014
281
12728
290
13263
223
34819
17
42255
304
42350
315
42435
318
43692
322
77018
253
77194
293
77217
134
77940
336
77966
130
78048
332
78057
329
78245
353
78669
331
80022
368
89279
308
93831
383
94796
384
110558
390
110640
391
113235
94
115845
398
116206
109
119982
406
120069
122
120699
407
121057
124
121216
125
121268
429
121352
121
121409
123
121423
382
121852
405
123304
119
123621
118
123786
136
123838
464
123968
447
123981
399
124405
376
124948
472
125362
479
125446
297
125774
481
125954
299
126221
478
126594
300
126604
298
126723
484
126904
501
127413
388
127783
209
128166
395
128177
513
128315
389
721
NAD
HMDB0000902
NAD (or Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is used extensively in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle of cellular respiration. The reducing potential stored in NADH can be converted to ATP through the electron transport chain or used for anabolic metabolism. ATP "energy" is necessary for an organism to live. Green plants obtain ATP through photosynthesis, while other organisms obtain it by cellular respiration. (wikipedia). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed).
53-84-9
C00003
5893
15846
NAD
5682
NC(=O)C1=C[N+](=CC=C1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)N2C=NC3=C2N=CN=C3N)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
C21H27N7O14P2
InChI=1S/C21H27N7O14P2/c22-17-12-19(25-7-24-17)28(8-26-12)21-16(32)14(30)11(41-21)6-39-44(36,37)42-43(34,35)38-5-10-13(29)15(31)20(40-10)27-3-1-2-9(4-27)18(23)33/h1-4,7-8,10-11,13-16,20-21,29-32H,5-6H2,(H5-,22,23,24,25,33,34,35,36,37)/t10-,11-,13-,14-,15-,16-,20-,21-/m1/s1
BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-N
1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-({[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl phosphono}oxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-3-(C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)-1lambda5-pyridin-1-ylium
663.4251
663.109121631
-2.52
8
1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-{[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl phosphono}oxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]methyl}-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-3-(C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)-1lambda5-pyridin-1-ylium
0
-1
FDB022309
3-carbamoyl-1-d-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate;3-carbamoyl-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate inner salt;3-carbamoyl-1-beta-delta-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate inner salt;3-carbamoyl-1-delta-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate;Adenine-nicotinamide dinucleotide;Co-i;Codehydrase i;Codehydrogenase i;Coenzyme i;Cozymase;Cozymase i;Diphosphopyridine nucleotide;Diphosphopyridine nucleotide oxidized;Endopride;Nad trihydrate;Nad-oxidized;Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide;Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized;Nicotinamide dinucleotide;Nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide;Oxidized diphosphopyridine nucleotide;Pyridine nucleotide diphosphate;[(3s,2r,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl {[(3s,2r,4r,5r)-5-(3-carbamoylpyridyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxyphosphoryl) hydrogen phosphate;[adenylate-32-p]-nad;Beta-diphosphopyridine nucleotide;Beta-nad;Beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide;Beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide trihydrate;Dpn;Nad;Nad+;Nadide;B-nad;β-nad
PW_C000721
NAD
140
4
150
3
353
8
651
10
1114
2
1134
43
1273
5
1466
54
2229
49
2779
17
2835
29
3107
9
4807
18
4813
18
4819
28
4902
6
4960
31
5167
95
5238
103
5334
111
5360
112
5469
123
5482
125
5590
135
5610
118
5696
100
5738
108
5827
141
5912
147
5942
151
6024
155
6072
157
6076
161
6385
1
6469
178
6772
117
6890
160
7012
188
7097
163
7174
205
7197
206
7405
198
7459
222
8241
226
8359
225
9085
224
11819
216
12322
249
13006
298
13018
300
13256
223
42404
322
42619
315
77104
132
77120
133
77209
134
77370
331
77650
336
77667
334
77702
332
77709
130
77915
113
77983
347
78406
356
80006
368
80690
119
93825
124
110552
388
112750
166
112853
94
119929
122
119952
406
120171
407
120834
419
120984
408
121159
425
121242
126
121259
429
121817
383
122614
384
122742
120
123130
447
123141
136
123419
455
123549
374
123731
460
123812
443
123829
464
124370
398
125187
121
125319
297
125342
479
125530
481
125806
299
125825
490
125924
482
126515
495
126765
480
126885
501
127278
507
127383
502
128089
390
128360
391
128428
395
140757
185
1441
Phosphoric acid
HMDB0002142
Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid, is a mineral acid with the chemical formula H3PO4. Alternatively, orthophosphoric acid molecules can combine with themselves to form a variety of compounds referred to as phosphoric acids in a more general way. For a discussion of these, see Phosphoric acids and Phosphates. Appears to exist only as a food additive and produced synthetically. --Wikipedia.
7664-38-2
C00009
1004
26078
979
OP(O)(O)=O
H3O4P
InChI=1S/H3O4P/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H3,1,2,3,4)
NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
phosphoric acid
97.9952
97.976895096
3
phosphoric acid
0
-2
FDB013380
Acide phosphorique (french);Acido fosforico [italian];Acidum phosphoricum;Diphosphate tetrasodium;Fosforzuuroplossingen [dutch];Marphos;Nfb;Ortho- phosphoric acid;Orthophosphoric acid;Phosphoric acid (acd/name 4.0);Phosphorsaeure;Phosphorsaeureloesungen [german];Sodium pyrophosphate;Sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate;Sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate biochemica;Sonac;Tetra-sodium pyrophosphate;Tetrasodium pyrophosphate decahydrate;Tetrasodium pyrophosphate 10-hydrate;White phosphoric acid;[po(oh)3];Acide phosphorique;H3po4;Phosphate;Phosphorsaeureloesungen;Orthophosphate
PW_C001441
PhosfrA
171
8
440
4
483
13
1592
43
1678
2
1902
49
1910
5
4856
3
5913
147
5943
151
6891
160
11782
198
11828
213
11829
216
11852
277
12638
31
77105
132
77330
133
77473
333
77779
111
78000
112
78272
356
78706
331
78707
334
80671
135
80677
119
119918
122
120126
124
120157
407
120344
406
120367
412
121383
419
121900
383
121902
408
122858
118
122994
120
123014
446
123942
455
124453
398
124455
374
125308
297
125493
299
125518
481
125664
479
126056
490
126855
205
127030
388
127053
206
127159
501
127508
507
983
Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate
HMDB0001270
1,3-Bisphosphogylcerate (1,3BPG), also known as PGAP, is a 3-carbon organic molecule present in most, if not all living creatures. It primarily exists as a metabolic intermediate in glycolysis during respiration. 1,3BPG have been recognized as regulatory signal implicated in the control of metabolism, oxygen affinity of red cells and other cellular functions. 1,3BPG concentration in erythrocytes changes in a number of pathological conditions, such as Inherited Phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency in erythrocytes (involved in the synthesis and breakdown of 1,3 BPG). (PMID 3555887). 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is the anion form of bisphosphoglyceric acid. It is phosphorylated at the number 1 and 3 carbons. The result of this phosphorylation gives 1,3BPG important biological properties such as the ability to phosphorylate ADP to form the energy storage molecule ATP.(wikipedia).
1981-49-3
C00236
683
DPG
663
O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)C(=O)OP(O)(O)=O
C3H8O10P2
InChI=1S/C3H8O10P2/c4-2(1-12-14(6,7)8)3(5)13-15(9,10)11/h2,4H,1H2,(H2,6,7,8)(H2,9,10,11)/t2-/m1/s1
LJQLQCAXBUHEAZ-UWTATZPHSA-N
{[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)propanoyl]oxy}phosphonic acid
266.0371
265.9592695
-1.44
5
1,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate
0
-4
FDB022524
1,3-biphosphoglycerate;1,3-biphosphoglyceric acid;1,3-bis-phosphoglycerate;1,3-bisphosphoglycerate;1,3-diphosphateglycerate;1,3-diphosphoglycerate;13-dpg;2-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)-propanoate;2-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)-propanoic acid;2-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)-propanoic acid 1-anhydride with phosphorate;2-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)-propanoic acid 1-anhydride with phosphoric acid;3-p-glyceroyl-p;3-phospho-d-glyceroyl phosphate;3-phospho-d-glyceroyl-phosphate;3-phosphoglyceroyl phosphate;3-phosphoglyceroyl-p;3-phosphoglyceroyl-phosphate;Dpg;Glycerate 1,3-biphosphate;Glycerate 1,3-bisphosphate;Glycerate 1,3-diphosphate;Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate;P-glyceroyl-p;Phosphoglyceroyl-p
PW_C000983
GlyABp
1041
8
2253
2
5914
147
5944
151
6892
160
77106
132
78029
111
120754
122
121188
124
123351
135
123759
118
125785
297
125956
299
127240
205
127414
388
1144
NADH
HMDB0001487
NADH is the reduced form of NAD+, and NAD+ is the oxidized form of NADH, A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). It forms NADP with the addition of a phosphate group to the 2' position of the adenosyl nucleotide through an ester linkage.(Dorland, 27th ed).
58-68-4
C00004
439153
16908
NADH
388299
DB00157
NC(=O)C1=CN(C=CC1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO[P@](O)(=O)O[P@](O)(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)N2C=NC3=C(N)N=CN=C23)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
C21H29N7O14P2
InChI=1S/C21H29N7O14P2/c22-17-12-19(25-7-24-17)28(8-26-12)21-16(32)14(30)11(41-21)6-39-44(36,37)42-43(34,35)38-5-10-13(29)15(31)20(40-10)27-3-1-2-9(4-27)18(23)33/h1,3-4,7-8,10-11,13-16,20-21,29-32H,2,5-6H2,(H2,23,33)(H,34,35)(H,36,37)(H2,22,24,25)/t10-,11-,13-,14-,15-,16-,20-,21-/m1/s1
BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-N
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-carbamoyl-1,4-dihydropyridin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy})phosphinic acid
665.441
665.124771695
-2.35
8
NADH
0
-2
FDB022649
1,4-dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide;Dpnh;Dihydrocodehydrogenase i;Dihydrocozymase;Dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide;Dihydronicotinamide mononucleotide;Enada;Nadh;Nadh2;Reduced codehydrogenase i;Reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide;Reduced nicotinamide adenine diphosphate;Reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide;B-dpnh;B-nadh;Beta-dpnh;Beta-nadh;Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced);Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
PW_C001144
NADH
143
4
153
3
490
8
648
10
1115
2
1275
5
1469
54
2230
49
2781
17
2836
29
3109
9
4806
18
4812
18
4821
28
4904
6
4959
31
5169
95
5240
103
5332
111
5358
112
5466
123
5479
125
5593
135
5698
100
5737
108
5829
141
5915
147
5945
151
6027
155
6079
161
6387
1
6472
178
6771
117
6893
160
7011
188
7099
163
7172
205
7195
206
7462
222
8244
226
8360
225
9086
224
11809
198
11821
216
12320
249
13003
298
13015
300
13255
223
42403
322
42618
315
77107
132
77123
133
77208
134
77371
331
77651
336
77668
334
77700
332
77707
130
77917
113
77986
347
80009
368
80691
119
93822
124
110549
388
112854
94
115838
118
119955
406
120172
407
120378
122
120986
408
121162
425
121244
126
121693
429
121818
383
122616
384
122745
120
123127
447
123138
136
123551
374
123734
460
123814
443
124242
464
124371
398
125189
121
125345
479
125531
481
125762
297
125808
299
125926
482
126516
495
126767
480
126888
501
127385
502
128090
390
128362
391
128429
395
140759
185
998
2,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid
HMDB0001294
2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG, also known as 2,3-diphosphoglycerate or 2,3-DPG) is a three carbon isomer of the glycolytic intermediate 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and is present at high levels in the human red blood cell (RBC; erythrocyte)--at the same molar concentration as hemoglobin. It is notable because it binds to deoxygenated hemoglobin in RBCs. In doing so, it allosterically upregulates the ability of RBCs to release oxygen near tissues that need it most. Its function was discovered in 1967 by Reinhold Benesch and Ruth Benesch.
138-81-8
C01159
186004
17720
23-DIPHOSPHOGLYCERATE
161681
OC(=O)[C@@H](COP(O)(O)=O)OP(O)(O)=O
C3H8O10P2
InChI=1S/C3H8O10P2/c4-3(5)2(13-15(9,10)11)1-12-14(6,7)8/h2H,1H2,(H,4,5)(H2,6,7,8)(H2,9,10,11)/t2-/m1/s1
XOHUEYCVLUUEJJ-UWTATZPHSA-N
(2R)-2,3-bis(phosphonooxy)propanoic acid
266.0371
265.9592695
-1.44
5
diphosphoglycerate
0
-5
FDB022538
(2r)-2,3-bis(phosphonooxy)-propanoate;(2r)-2,3-bis(phosphonooxy)-propanoic acid;(r)-2,3-bis(phosphonooxy)-propanoate;(r)-2,3-bis(phosphonooxy)-propanoic acid;2,3-bis(phosphonooxy)-propanoate;2,3-bis(phosphonooxy)-propanoic acid;2,3-bisphospho-d-glycerate;2,3-bisphospho-d-glyceric acid;2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid;2,3-diphospho-d-glycerate;2,3-diphospho-d-glyceric acid;2,3-diphospho-d-glyceric acid pentasodium salt;2,3-disphospho-d-glycerate;D-glyceric acid bis;D-glyceric acid bis(dihydrogen phosphate);Diphosphoglycerate;Diphosphoglyceric acid;Glycerate 2,3-diphosphate;Glyceric acid bis(dihydrogen phosphate);Glyceric acid diphosphate;2,3-bpg;2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid;D-greenwald ester;Dpg;2,3-diphosphoglycerate;2,3-disphospho-d-glyceric acid
PW_C000998
23-DpGA
2255
2
5916
147
5947
151
6895
160
77109
132
121190
124
123761
118
125958
299
127416
388
644
3-Phosphoglyceric acid
HMDB0000807
3-phosphoglyceric acid (3PG) is a 3-carbon molecule that is a metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis and the Calvin cycle. This chemical is often termed PGA when referring to the Calvin cycle. In the Calvin cycle, two glycerate 3-phosphate molecules are reduced to form two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GALP). (wikipedia).
820-11-1
C00597
724
17050
G3P
704
OC(COP(O)(O)=O)C(O)=O
C3H7O7P
InChI=1S/C3H7O7P/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10-11(7,8)9/h2,4H,1H2,(H,5,6)(H2,7,8,9)
OSJPPGNTCRNQQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)propanoic acid
186.0572
185.99293909
-0.95
4
phosphoglycerate
0
-3
FDB022255
3-(dihydrogen phosphate)glycerate;3-(dihydrogen phosphate)glyceric acid;3-glycerophosphorate;3-glycerophosphoric acid;3-p-d-glycerate;3-p-glycerate;3-pga;3-pg;3-phospho-(r)-glycerate;3-phospho-d-glycerate;3-phospho-glycerate;3-phospho-glyceric acid;3-phosphoglycerate;3-phosphoglyceric acid;D-(-)-3-phosphoglyceric acid;D-glycerate 3-phosphate;G3p;Glycerate 3-phosphate;Glycerate-3-p;Glyceric acid 3-phosphate;Phosphoglycerate;Dl-glycerate 3-phosphate;Glycerate 3-phosphates;3-(dihydrogen phosphoric acid)glyceric acid;2-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxypropanoate;Dl-glyceric acid 3-phosphoric acid;Glyceric acid 3-phosphoric acid;Glyceric acid 3-phosphates
PW_C000644
G3P
2051
8
2257
2
5743
117
5917
147
5948
151
6897
160
8358
225
42623
322
77111
132
78033
111
121192
124
121386
122
123763
118
123945
135
125960
299
127417
388
1870
2-Phospho-D-glyceric acid
HMDB0003391
2-Phospho-D-glycerate or 2PG is an intermediate in gluconeogenesis. It is a glyceric acid which serves as the substrate in the ninth step of glycolysis. 2PG is converted by enolase into phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the penultimate step in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate. More specifically, 2PG can be generated from Glycerate-3-phosphate via phosphoglycerate mutase or from phosphoenolpyrvate via alpha enolase.
C00631
439278
17835
2-PG
388411
DB01709
OC[C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)C(O)=O
C3H7O7P
InChI=1S/C3H7O7P/c4-1-2(3(5)6)10-11(7,8)9/h2,4H,1H2,(H,5,6)(H2,7,8,9)/t2-/m1/s1
GXIURPTVHJPJLF-UWTATZPHSA-N
(2R)-3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonooxy)propanoic acid
186.0572
185.99293909
-0.96
4
(+-)-2-phosphoglycerate
0
-3
FDB001407
(2r)-3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonooxy)propanoate;(2r)-3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonooxy)propanoic acid;2-phospho-d-glycerate;2-phospho-d-glyceric acid;3-d-hydroxy-2-phosphonooxy-propanoate;3-d-hydroxy-2-phosphonooxy-propanoic acid;D-glycerate 2-phosphate;2-phospho-(r)-glycerate;D-glyceric acid 2-phosphoric acid;2-phospho-(r)-glyceric acid
PW_C001870
2PDG
2263
2
5918
147
5949
151
6899
160
77113
132
121194
124
123765
118
125962
299
127418
388
180
Phosphoenolpyruvic acid
HMDB0000263
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is an important chemical compound in biochemistry. It has a high energy phosphate bond, and is involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. In glycolysis, PEP is formed by the action of the enzyme enolase on 2-phosphoglycerate. Metabolism of PEP to pyruvate by pyruvate kinase (PK) generates 1 molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via substrate-level phosphorylation. ATP is one of the major currencies of chemical energy within cells. In gluconeogenesis, PEP is formed from the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate and hydrolysis of 1 guanosine triphosphate molecule. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). This reaction is a rate-limiting step in gluconeogenesis. (wikipedia).
138-08-9
C00074
1005
44897
PHOSPHO-ENOL-PYRUVATE
980
DB01819
OC(=O)C(=C)OP(O)(O)=O
C3H5O6P
InChI=1S/C3H5O6P/c1-2(3(4)5)9-10(6,7)8/h1H2,(H,4,5)(H2,6,7,8)
DTBNBXWJWCWCIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2-(phosphonooxy)prop-2-enoic acid
168.042
167.982374404
-1.10
3
phosphoenolpyruvic acid
0
-3
FDB001451
2-hydroxy-acrylic acid dihydrogen phosphate;2-phosphonooxyprop-2-enoate;2-phosphonooxyprop-2-enoic acid;P-enol-pyruvate;Pep;Phosphoenolpyruvate
PW_C000180
Pep
419
8
2265
2
2396
4
5919
147
5950
151
6179
108
6901
160
11920
164
11931
225
42715
315
77114
132
77308
111
77963
133
120321
122
121196
124
121213
406
122976
135
123766
118
123783
120
125648
297
125963
299
127419
388
127516
205
164
Pyruvic acid
HMDB0000243
Pyruvic acid is an intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed.) Biological Source: Intermediate in primary metabolism including fermentation processes. Present in muscle in redox equilibrium with Lactic acid. A common constituent, as a chiral cyclic acetal linked to saccharide residues, of bacterial polysaccharides. Isolated from cane sugar fermentation broth and peppermint. Constituent of Bauhinia purpurea, Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Delonix regia, Pisum sativum (pea) and Trigonella caerulea (sweet trefoil) Use/Importance: Reagent for regeneration of carbonyl compdounds from semicarbazones, phenylhydrazones and oximes. Flavoring ingredient (Dictionary of Organic Compounds).
127-17-3
C00022
1060
32816
PYRUVATE
1031
DB00119
CC(=O)C(O)=O
C3H4O3
InChI=1S/C3H4O3/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h1H3,(H,5,6)
LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2-oxopropanoic acid
88.0621
88.016043994
0.18
1
pyruvic acid
0
-1
FDB008293
2-oxopropanoate;2-oxopropanoic acid;2-oxopropionate;2-oxopropionic acid;Acetylformate;Acetylformic acid;Bts;Pyroracemate;Pyroracemic acid;Pyruvate;A-ketopropionate;A-ketopropionic acid;Alpha-ketopropionate;Alpha-ketopropionic acid;2-ketopropionic acid;2-oxopropansaeure;2-oxopropionsaeure;Acide pyruvique;Alpha-oxopropionsaeure;Brenztraubensaeure;Ch3cocooh;2-ketopropionate;α-ketopropionate;α-ketopropionic acid;A-oxopropionsaeure;α-oxopropionsaeure
PW_C000164
Pyr
17
2
20
4
422
8
1181
3
1449
50
1457
26
5365
103
5405
117
5440
118
5444
120
5566
132
5570
133
5893
95
5920
147
5951
151
6022
155
6067
156
6074
161
6126
160
6383
1
6467
178
6510
177
6532
85
7457
222
7495
220
8200
225
12622
31
15292
249
15349
18
77310
111
77972
346
77978
327
78090
112
80004
368
80042
367
80695
135
112879
94
115683
121
119950
406
120011
124
120175
122
120878
407
121148
423
121154
424
123454
119
123720
458
123726
459
125340
479
125390
299
125534
297
125854
481
126883
501
126931
388
127067
205
127858
206
457
Potassium
HMDB0000586
Potassium is an essential electrolyte. Potassium balance is crucial for regulating the excitability of nerves and muscles and so critical for regulating contractility of cardiac muscle. Although the most important changes seen in the presence of deranged potassium are cardiac, smooth muscle is also affected with increasing muscle weakness, a feature of both hyperkalaemia and hypokalaemia. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Potassium (K+) is a positively charged electrolyte, cation, which is present throughout the body in both intracellular and extracellular fluids. The majority of body potassium, >90%, are intracellular. It moves freely from intracellular fluid (ICF) to extracellular fluid (ECF) and vice versa when adenosine triphosphate increases the permeability of the cell membrane. It is mainly replaced inside or outside the cells by another cation, sodium (Na+). The movement of potassium into or out of the cells is linked to certain body hormones and also to certain physiological states. Standard laboratory tests measure ECF potassium. Potassium enters the body rapidly during food ingestion. Insulin is produced when a meal is eaten; this causes the temporary movement of potassium from ECF to ICF. Over the ensuing hours, the kidneys excrete the ingested potassium and homeostasis is returned. In the critically ill patient, suffering from hyperkalaemia, this mechanism can be manipulated beneficially by administering high concentration (50%) intravenous glucose. Insulin can be added to the glucose, but glucose alone will stimulate insulin production and cause movement of potassium from ECF to ICF. The stimulation of alpha receptors causes increased movement of potassium from ICF to ECF. A noradrenaline infusion can elevate serum potassium levels. An adrenaline infusion, or elevated adrenaline levels, can lower serum potassium levels. Metabolic acidosis causes a rise in extracellular potassium levels. In this situation, excess of hydrogen ions (H+) are exchanged for intracellular potassium ions, probably as a result of the cellular response to a falling blood pH. Metabolic alkalosis causes the opposite effect, with potassium moving into the cells. (PMID: 17883675).
24203-36-9
C00238
813
29103
K%2b
791
DB01345
[K+]
K
InChI=1S/K/q+1
NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
potassium(1+) ion
39.0983
38.963706861
0
potassium(1+) ion
1
1
FDB003521
K+;Kalium;Potassium;Potassium (k+);Potassium (ion);Potassium cation;Potassium ion;Potassium ion (k+);Potassium ion (k1+);Potassium ion(+);Potassium ion(1+);Potassium monocation;Potassium(+);Potassium(1+);Potassium(1+) ion;Potassium(i) cation;K(+)
PW_C000457
K+
573
8
931
19
1926
2
2095
15
3033
66
3161
72
3162
71
3613
51
3614
61
5921
147
5952
151
6902
160
11810
198
15222
306
77023
225
77115
132
77610
111
78241
326
78246
353
120484
122
121198
124
123105
135
123768
118
124944
452
124949
472
125860
297
125965
299
127322
205
127421
388
140680
834
140681
790
140687
781
2449
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 2
P11168
Facilitative glucose transporter. This isoform likely mediates the bidirectional transfer of glucose across the plasma membrane of hepatocytes and is responsible for uptake of glucose by the beta cells; may comprise part of the glucose-sensing mechanism of the beta cell. May also participate with the Na(+)/glucose cotransporter in the transcellular transport of glucose in the small intestine and kidney.
HMDBP05474
SLC2A2
3q26.1-q26.2
CH471052
1
8451
228
141627
53
141686
66
141931
67
142224
308
143880
51
143930
868
207
Hexokinase-2
P52789
HMDBP00213
HK2
2p13
Z46358
1
2.7.1.1
2217
2
141351
160
141621
26
141664
50
142308
1008
142510
1019
143805
1169
144136
843
2519
Aldose 1-epimerase
Q96C23
Mutarotase converts alpha-aldose to the beta-anomer. It is active on D-glucose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-galactose, maltose and lactose (By similarity).
HMDBP07277
GALM
2p22.1
AC074366
1
5.1.3.3
2223
2
141352
160
142309
1008
142511
1019
144137
843
751
Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase
P06744
Besides it's role as a glycolytic enzyme, mammalian GPI can function as a tumor-secreted cytokine and an angiogenic factor (AMF) that stimulates endothelial cell motility. GPI is also a neurotrophic factor (Neuroleukin) for spinal and sensory neurons.
HMDBP00806
GPI
19q13.1
AH002710
1
5.3.1.9
1805
2
5955
147
12983
8
140382
394
141353
160
141813
26
142210
999
142310
1008
142512
1019
143781
1169
144138
843
709
6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type
P08237
Catalyzes the third step of glycolysis, the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) by ATP to generate fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) and ADP.
HMDBP00762
PFKM
12q13.3
M59731
1
2.7.1.11
2251
2
141354
160
142311
1008
142513
1019
143063
1
143783
1169
144139
843
916
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A
P04075
Plays a key role in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. In addition, may also function as scaffolding protein (By similarity).
HMDBP00978
ALDOA
16p11.2
BC010660
1
4.1.2.13
1028
8
1791
2
5957
147
138878
297
141355
160
142212
999
142312
1008
142514
1019
144140
843
1472
Triosephosphate isomerase
P60174
HMDBP01584
TPI1
12p13
BC007812
1
5.3.1.1
1037
8
2252
2
138877
297
141356
160
141818
26
142213
999
142313
1008
142515
1019
144141
843
368
Glucose-6-phosphatase
P35575
Hydrolyzes glucose-6-phosphate to glucose in the endoplasmic reticulum. Forms with the glucose-6-phosphate transporter (SLC37A4/G6PT) the complex responsible for glucose production through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Hence, it is the key enzyme in homeostatic regulation of blood glucose levels.
HMDBP00376
G6PC
17q21
AK303771
1
3.1.3.9
1510
2
3130
29
5694
6
9004
10
141357
160
141812
26
142314
1008
142516
1019
143436
847
143780
1169
144142
843
659
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
P04406
Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively. Participates in nuclear events including transcription, RNA transport, DNA replication and apoptosis. Nuclear functions are probably due to the nitrosylase activity that mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of nuclear target proteins such as SIRT1, HDAC2 and PRKDC. Modulates the organization and assembly of the cytoskeleton. Facilitates the CHP1-dependent microtubule and membrane associations through its ability to stimulate the binding of CHP1 to microtubules (By similarity). Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. Component of the GAIT (gamma interferon-activated inhibitor of translation) complex which mediates interferon-gamma-induced transcript-selective translation inhibition in inflammation processes. Upon interferon-gamma treatment assembles into the GAIT complex which binds to stem loop-containing GAIT elements in the 3'-UTR of diverse inflammatory mRNAs (such as ceruplasmin) and suppresses their translation.
HMDBP00695
GAPDH
12p13
BC013310
1
1.2.1.12; 2.6.99.-
1042
8
2254
2
5959
147
141358
160
142214
999
142292
23
142315
1008
142517
1019
144143
843
260
Bisphosphoglycerate mutase
P07738
Plays a major role in regulating hemoglobin oxygen affinity by controlling the levels of its allosteric effector 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG). Also exhibits mutase (EC 5.4.2.1) and phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.13) activities.
HMDBP00266
BPGM
7q33
BC017050
1
5.4.2.4; 3.1.3.13; 5.4.2.11
2256
2
141359
160
142316
1008
142518
1019
144144
843
963
Pantothenate kinase 1
Q8TE04
Plays a role in the physiological regulation of the intracellular CoA concentration (By similarity).
HMDBP01026
PANK1
10q23.31
BK000008
1
2.7.1.33
1149
8
2258
2
141862
26
263
Phosphoglycerate mutase 1
P18669
Interconversion of 3- and 2-phosphoglycerate with 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate as the primer of the reaction. Can also catalyze the reaction of EC 5.4.2.4 (synthase) and EC 3.1.3.13 (phosphatase), but with a reduced activity.
HMDBP00269
PGAM1
10q25.3
BC010038
1
3.1.3.13; 5.4.2.11; 5.4.2.4
2259
2
141360
160
141823
26
142317
1008
142519
1019
144145
843
261
Phosphoglycerate mutase 2
P15259
Interconversion of 3- and 2-phosphoglycerate with 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate as the primer of the reaction. Can also catalyze the reaction of EC 5.4.2.4 (synthase) and EC 3.1.3.13 (phosphatase), but with a reduced activity.
HMDBP00267
PGAM2
7p13-p12
BC001904
1
3.1.3.13; 5.4.2.11; 5.4.2.4
2264
2
141361
160
142298
999
142318
1008
142520
1019
144146
843
1021
Alpha-enolase
P06733
Multifunctional enzyme that, as well as its role in glycolysis, plays a part in various processes such as growth control, hypoxia tolerance and allergic responses. May also function in the intravascular and pericellular fibrinolytic system due to its ability to serve as a receptor and activator of plasminogen on the cell surface of several cell-types such as leukocytes and neurons. Stimulates immunoglobulin production.
MBP1 binds to the myc promoter and acts as a transcriptional repressor. May be a tumor suppressor.
HMDBP01087
ENO1
1p36.2
AL833741
1
4.2.1.11
2266
2
5962
147
141362
160
141824
26
142299
999
142319
1008
142521
1019
144147
843
712
Pyruvate kinase isozymes R/L
P30613
Plays a key role in glycolysis (By similarity).
HMDBP00765
PKLR
1q21
S60712
1
2.7.1.40
1719
8
2267
2
5966
147
141363
160
141868
26
142320
1008
144148
843
918
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B
P05062
In vertebrates, 3 forms of this ubiquitous glycolytic enzyme are found, aldolase A in muscle, aldolase B in liver, and aldolase C in brain. The fructose bisphosphate aldolase class of enzymes catalyze two reactions: (1) the cleavage of 6-carbon fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) into the 3-carbon products dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) and (2) the cleavage of 6-carbon fructose 1-phosphate (F1P) the 3-carbon products glyceraldehyde and DHAP. Aldolase B, unlike the other aldolase isoenzymes, is preferentially expressed in the liver and catalyzes both reactions (showing no preference for either). Aldolases A and C both prefer FBP as a substrate molecule (PMID: 11679716).
HMDBP00980
ALDOB
9q21.3-q22.2
M15657
1
4.1.2.13
2880
8
5048
2
5958
147
138871
297
141817
26
1417
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1
P00558
In addition to its role as a glycolytic enzyme, it seems that PGK-1 acts as a polymerase alpha cofactor protein (primer recognition protein).
HMDBP01528
PGK1
Xq13.3
AB062432
1
2.7.2.3
4107
23
5049
2
5960
147
9006
8
141822
26
142297
999
398
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 2
1
PW_P000398
420
2449
1
578
Hexokinase-2
1
PW_P000578
619
207
1
579
Aldose 1-epimerase
1
PW_P000579
620
2519
1
495
Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase
1
PW_P000495
519
751
2
584
6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type
1
PW_P000584
628
709
1
277
423
1
287
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A
1
PW_P000287
306
916
4
290
Triosephosphate isomerase
1
PW_P000290
309
1472
2
406
Glucose-6-phosphatase
1
PW_P000406
428
368
1
291
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
1
PW_P000291
310
659
4
585
Bisphosphoglycerate mutase
1
PW_P000585
629
260
2
316
Pantothenate kinase 1
1
PW_P000316
335
963
2
586
Phosphoglycerate mutase 1
1
PW_P000586
630
263
1
588
Phosphoglycerate mutase 2
1
PW_P000588
632
261
1
589
Alpha-enolase
1
PW_P000589
633
1021
1
279
423
1
471
Pyruvate kinase PKLR
1
PW_P000471
494
712
4
225
423
1
226
457
1
723
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B
1
PW_P000723
817
918
969
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1
1
PW_P000969
1095
1417
1
1231
false
PW_R001231
Right
4695
77
1
Compound
false
4696
414
1
Compound
true
4697
1083
1
Compound
false
4698
1034
1
Compound
true
936
578
2.7.1.1
1232
false
PW_R001232
Right
4699
1851
1
Compound
false
4700
414
1
Compound
true
4701
1083
1
Compound
false
4702
1034
1
Compound
true
937
578
2.7.1.1
275
false
PW_R000275
Both
1166
1851
1
Compound
false
1167
395
1
Compound
false
939
579
5.1.3.3
312
false
PW_R000312
Right
1313
414
1
Compound
true
1314
395
1
Compound
false
1315
1034
1
Compound
true
1316
1906
1
Compound
false
940
578
2.7.1.1
1057
false
PW_R001057
Both
4081
79
1
Compound
false
4082
1083
1
Compound
false
713
495
5.3.1.9
1233
false
PW_R001233
Both
4709
1906
1
Compound
false
4710
79
1
Compound
false
942
495
5.3.1.9
1237
false
PW_R001237
Right
4745
79
1
Compound
false
4746
414
1
Compound
true
4747
833
1
Compound
false
4748
1034
1
Compound
true
949
584
2.7.1.11
1238
false
PW_R001238
Right
4749
833
1
Compound
false
4750
869
1
Compound
false
4751
1134
1
Compound
false
950
287
4.1.2.13
1314
723
4.1.2.13
810
false
PW_R000810
Both
3285
1134
1
Compound
false
3286
869
1
Compound
false
347
290
5.3.1.1
927
false
PW_R000927
Right
3700
1207
1
Compound
false
3701
1420
1
Compound
true
3702
77
1
Compound
false
3703
1104
1
Compound
true
513
406
3.1.3.9
812
false
PW_R000812
Both
3290
869
1
Compound
false
3291
721
1
Compound
true
3292
1441
1
Compound
true
3293
983
1
Compound
false
3294
1144
1
Compound
true
349
291
1240
false
PW_R001240
Both
4754
983
1
Compound
false
4755
998
1
Compound
false
952
585
1241
false
PW_R001241
Right
4756
983
1
Compound
false
4757
1034
1
Compound
true
4758
644
1
Compound
false
4759
414
1
Compound
true
953
969
2.7.2.3
1242
false
PW_R001242
Both
4760
998
1
Compound
false
4761
1420
1
Compound
true
4762
644
1
Compound
false
4763
1104
1
Compound
true
954
586
1243
false
PW_R001243
Both
4764
998
1
Compound
false
4765
1420
1
Compound
true
4766
644
1
Compound
false
4767
1104
1
Compound
true
955
585
1246
false
PW_R001246
Both
4780
644
1
Compound
false
4781
1870
1
Compound
false
958
588
243
false
PW_R000243
Both
1044
1870
1
Compound
false
1045
180
1
Compound
false
1046
1420
1
Compound
true
960
589
4.2.1.11
365
false
PW_R000365
Both
1513
414
1
Compound
true
1514
164
1
Compound
false
1515
1034
1
Compound
true
1516
180
1
Compound
false
659
471
2.7.1.40
42
PW_T000042
45
77
1
Compound
26
51
Right
15
398
2013-07-22T20:27:35-06:00
2013-07-22T20:27:35-06:00
53
4073
77
26
81
false
1180
240
10
regular
200
190
4074
77
51
81
false
1180
695
10
regular
200
190
4079
414
2
42
false
1160
900
10
regular
50
30
4080
1083
2
81
false
1180
1110
10
regular
200
190
4081
1034
2
43
false
1165
1070
10
regular
50
30
4082
1851
2
81
false
670
1110
10
regular
200
190
4083
414
2
42
false
880
1125
10
regular
50
30
4084
1034
2
43
false
1120
1120
10
regular
50
30
4088
395
2
81
false
265
1290
10
regular
200
190
4089
414
2
42
false
380
1630
10
regular
50
30
4090
1034
2
43
false
610
1630
10
regular
50
30
4091
1906
2
81
false
670
1465
10
regular
200
190
4092
79
2
81
false
1180
1465
10
regular
200
190
4155
414
2
42
false
1165
1665
10
regular
50
30
4156
833
2
81
false
1180
1855
10
regular
200
190
4157
1034
2
43
false
1170
1810
10
regular
50
30
4158
423
2
9
false
1240
1710
19
regular
100
25
4159
869
2
81
false
1180
2265
10
regular
200
190
4160
1134
2
81
false
650
2265
10
regular
200
190
4161
1207
2
81
false
1740
695
10
regular
200
190
4162
1420
2
49
false
1640
670
10
regular
78
78
4163
1104
2
46
false
1390
685
10
regular
44
43
4164
721
2
59
false
1160
2480
10
regular
50
30
4165
1441
2
46
false
1340
2470
10
regular
44
43
4166
983
2
81
false
1180
2675
10
regular
200
190
4167
1144
2
60
false
1165
2620
10
regular
50
30
4168
998
2
81
false
1715
2675
10
regular
200
190
4169
1034
2
43
false
1150
2895
10
regular
50
30
4170
644
2
81
false
1180
3090
10
regular
200
190
4171
414
2
42
false
1145
3055
10
regular
50
30
4172
1420
2
49
false
1625
2880
10
regular
78
78
4173
1104
2
46
false
1425
2920
10
regular
44
43
4174
1420
2
49
false
1655
3240
10
regular
78
78
4175
1104
2
46
false
1405
3240
10
regular
44
43
4184
1870
2
81
false
1180
3440
10
regular
200
190
4185
180
2
81
false
1180
3800
10
regular
200
190
4186
1420
2
49
false
1105
3735
10
regular
78
78
4187
423
2
9
false
1240
3660
19
regular
100
25
4188
414
2
42
false
1145
4160
10
regular
50
30
4189
164
2
81
false
1180
4215
10
regular
200
190
4190
1034
2
43
false
1145
4000
10
regular
50
30
4191
423
2
9
false
1235
4037
20
regular
100
25
4192
457
2
9
false
1235
4057
19
regular
100
25
1518
2449
228
76
false
1205
580
8
subunit
regular
150
70
1520
207
2
2
false
1205
965
8
subunit
regular
150
70
1521
207
2
2
false
945
1170
8
subunit
regular
150
70
1523
2519
2
2
false
450
1170
8
subunit
regular
150
70
1524
207
2
2
false
450
1525
8
subunit
regular
150
70
1525
751
2
6
false
1200
1342
8
subunit
regular
160
80
1527
751
2
6
false
940
1520
8
subunit
regular
160
80
1561
709
2
8
false
1210
1715
8
subunit
regular
140
85
1562
916
2
8
false
1210
2100
8
subunit
regular
140
85
1563
1472
2
6
false
932
2320
8
subunit
regular
160
80
1564
368
2
2
false
1465
755
8
subunit
regular
150
70
1565
659
2
8
false
1210
2527
8
subunit
regular
140
85
1566
260
2
6
false
1465
2730
8
subunit
regular
160
80
1567
963
2
2
false
1205
2960
8
subunit
regular
150
70
1568
263
2
6
false
1480
2990
8
subunit
regular
160
80
1569
260
2
6
false
1482
3145
8
subunit
regular
160
80
1572
261
2
6
false
1200
3322
8
subunit
regular
160
80
1573
1021
2
6
false
1200
3660
8
subunit
regular
160
80
1574
712
2
8
false
1210
4052
8
subunit
regular
140
85
1406
398
89
1511
1518
1408
578
89
2
1513
1520
1409
578
89
2
1514
1521
1411
579
89
2
1516
1523
1412
578
89
2
1517
1524
1413
495
89
2
1518
1525
1415
495
89
2
1520
1527
1438
584
89
2
1554
1561
733
4158
6125
Cofactor
1439
287
89
2
1555
1562
1440
290
89
2
1556
1563
1441
406
89
2
1557
1564
1442
291
89
2
1558
1565
1443
585
89
2
1559
1566
1444
316
89
2
1560
1567
1445
586
89
2
1561
1568
1446
585
89
2
1562
1569
1449
588
89
2
1565
1572
1450
589
89
2
1566
1573
736
4187
6173
Cofactor
1451
471
89
2
1567
1574
737
4191
6178
Cofactor
738
4192
6179
Cofactor
5996
M1280 430 C1282 459 1279 532 1280 580
83
false
18
true
M 1372.2310528478517 462.1686532216167 L 1380 475 L 1387.2277986987733 461.85622101638916
false
5997
M1280 695 C1280 665 1280 680 1280 650
83
false
18
true
M 1372.5 642.0096189432334 L 1380 655 L 1387.5 642.0096189432334
false
6005
M1280 885 C1280 915 1280 935 1280 965
5
false
18
6006
M1210 915 C1269 916 1280 935 1280 965
5
false
18
6007
M1280 1110 C1280 1080 1280 1065 1280 1035
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6008
M1215 1085 C1246 1090 1280 1065 1280 1035
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6009
M870 1205 C900 1205 915 1205 945 1205
5
false
18
6010
M905 1155 C904 1193 915 1205 945 1205
5
false
18
6011
M1180 1205 C1150 1205 1125 1205 1095 1205
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6012
M1145 1150 C1147 1205 1125 1205 1095 1205
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6017
M670 1205 C610 1205 641 1205 600 1205
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6018
M365 1290 C365 1235 403 1205 450 1205
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6019
M405 1630 C405 1607 415 1560 450 1560
5
false
18
6020
M365 1480 C365 1521 399 1560 450 1560
5
false
18
6021
M635 1630 C635 1600 634 1560 600 1560
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6022
M670 1560 C640 1560 630 1560 600 1560
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6023
M1280 1465 C1280 1435 1280 1452 1280 1422
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6024
M1280 1300 C1280 1330 1280 1312 1280 1342
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6032
M870 1560 C900 1560 910 1560 940 1560
5
false
18
6033
M1180 1560 C1150 1560 1130 1560 1100 1560
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6121
M1280 1655 C1280 1685 1280 1685 1280 1715
5
false
18
6122
M1215 1680 C1246 1680 1280 1685 1280 1715
5
false
18
6123
M1280 1855 C1280 1825 1280 1830 1280 1800
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6124
M1220 1825 C1250 1825 1280 1830 1280 1800
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6125
M1250 1795 L1250 1845 L1300 1795 z
10
true
18
6126
M1280 2045 C1280 2075 1280 2070 1280 2100
5
false
18
6127
M1280 2265 C1280 2235 1280 2215 1280 2185
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6128
M855 2279 C967 2279 1280 2252 1280 2185
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6129
M850 2360 C880 2360 902 2360 932 2360
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6130
M1180 2360 C1150 2360 1122 2360 1092 2360
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6131
M1740 790 C1661 789 1682 790 1615 790
5
false
18
6132
M1679 748 C1678 781 1649 789 1615 790
5
false
18
6133
M1380 790 C1410 789 1421 789 1465 790
5
false
18
true
M 1442.680240918466 691.9867927613433 L 1430 700 L 1443.279761493699 706.9748071421701
false
6134
M1412 728 C1411 765 1428 793 1465 790
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6135
M1280 2455 C1280 2485 1280 2497 1280 2527
5
false
18
6136
M1210 2495 C1261 2498 1280 2497 1280 2527
5
false
18
6137
M1340 2491.5 C1312 2496.5 1294 2497 1280 2527
5
false
18
6138
M1280 2675 C1280 2645 1280 2642 1280 2612
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6139
M1215 2635 C1250 2634 1280 2642 1280 2612
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6140
M1380 2770 C1417 2768 1434 2772 1465 2770
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6141
M1715 2770 C1658 2770 1677 2769 1625 2770
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6142
M1280 2865 C1280 2895 1280 2930 1280 2960
5
false
18
6143
M1200 2910 C1252 2909 1280 2930 1280 2960
5
false
18
6144
M1280 3090 C1280 3060 1280 3060 1280 3030
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6145
M1195 3070 C1238 3074 1280 3060 1280 3030
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6146
M1815 2865 C1810 2956 1702 3030 1640 3030
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6147
M1664 2958 C1664 2989 1664 3016 1640 3030
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6148
M1380 3185 C1468 3181 1426 3030 1480 3030
5
false
18
true
M 1442.3509211442695 3056.487964586068 L 1430 3065 L 1443.5470994785128 3071.4401937641096
false
6149
M1447 2963 C1448 2997 1452 3022 1480 3030
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6150
M1815 2865 C1814 2980 1767 3183 1642 3185
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6151
M1694 3240 C1694 3213 1676 3185 1642 3185
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6152
M1380 3185 C1425 3185 1439 3185 1482 3185
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6153
M1427 3240 C1427 3210 1447 3185 1482 3185
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6168
M1280 3280 C1280 3310 1280 3292 1280 3322
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6169
M1280 3440 C1280 3410 1280 3432 1280 3402
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6170
M1280 3630 C1280 3660 1280 3630 1280 3660
5
false
18
6171
M1280 3800 C1280 3770 1280 3770 1280 3740
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6172
M1183 3774 C1222 3775 1280 3770 1280 3740
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6173
M1410 3780 L1410 3830 L1460 3780 z
10
true
18
6174
M1195 4175 C1234 4180 1280 4167 1280 4137
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6175
M1280 4215 C1280 4185 1280 4167 1280 4137
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6176
M1195 4015 C1243 4018 1280 4022 1280 4052
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6177
M1280 3990 C1280 4020 1280 4022 1280 4052
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
6178
M1350 4097.5 L1350 4147.5 L1400 4097.5 z
10
true
18
6179
M1350 4097.5 L1350 4147.5 L1400 4097.5 z
10
true
18
6180
M1380 4310 C1422 4267 1471 4213 1520 4160
5
false
18
true
M 1517.0096189432334 3952.5 L 1530 3945 L 1517.0096189432334 3937.5
false
6181
M1380 4310 C1410 4310 1495 4310 1525 4310
5
false
18
true
M 1522.0096189432334 4067.5 L 1535 4060 L 1522.0096189432334 4052.5
false
6182
M1380 4310 C1410 4340 1448 4393 1520 4455
5
false
18
true
M 1522.0096189432334 4177.5 L 1535 4170 L 1522.0096189432334 4162.5
false
6183
M1180 790 C1142 790 1115 790 1095 790
5
false
18
true
M 1442.0642630819914 691.086327564438 L 1430 700 L 1443.7515983112055 705.9911220891623
false
6184
M1945 730 C1977 730 2013 730 2050 730
5
false
18
true
M 732.0096189432334 712.5 L 745 705 L 732.0096189432334 697.5
false
6185
M1946 855 C1976 855 2016 855 2050 855
5
false
18
true
M 733.0096189432334 749.5 L 746 742 L 733.0096189432334 734.5
false
6186
M1380 1560 C1506 1594 1554 1723 1560 1835
5
false
18
true
M 1651.8158221928315 1722.429429860955 L 1660 1735 L 1666.7943441768828 1721.6270090403807
false
6187
M1382 2264 C1573 2168 1560 1997 1560 1905
5
false
18
true
M 1441.9964607791226 2285.995282970855 L 1430 2295 L 1443.7965440906912 2300.8868812756514
false
6188
M1840 885 C1840 960 1840 1402 1840 1455
5
false
18
6189
M1380 2307 C1694 2302 1838 1741 1840 1525
5
false
18
6190
M1380 2360 C1410 2360 1545 2360 1575 2360
5
false
18
true
M 1442.9903810567666 2287.5 L 1430 2295 L 1442.9903810567666 2302.5
false
6191
M1380 2429 C1511 2427 2117 2483 2125 2850
5
false
18
true
M 2191.519669628728 2647.627288219873 L 2200 2660 L 2206.4749175296565 2646.4694625759307
false
6192
M1380 3895 C2188 3856 2122 3115 2125 2920
5
false
18
true
M 2209.8467189807016 2741.315570039335 L 2200 2730 L 2195.1237883779845 2744.1852938008815
false
6193
M1175 2442 C1045 2442 925 2615 925 2745
5
false
18
true
M 1315.4529005214872 2347.4401937641096 L 1329 2341 L 1316.6490788557305 2332.487964586068
false
true
M 1017.5 2632.0096189432334 L 1025 2645 L 1032.5 2632.0096189432334
false
6194
M1180 3185 C1030 3185 925 2973 925 2815
5
false
18
true
M 1316.9728311916474 3072.4359177536257 L 1330 3065 L 1317.0467219207321 3057.436099749391
false
true
M 1032.5 2727.9903810567666 L 1025 2715 L 1017.5 2727.9903810567666
false
1286
89
1231
2
4570
4074
6005
Left
4571
4079
6006
Left
4572
4080
6007
Right
4573
4081
6008
Right
1224
936
1408
1287
89
1232
2
4574
4082
6009
Left
4575
4083
6010
Left
4576
4080
6011
Right
4577
4084
6012
Right
1225
937
1409
1289
89
275
2
4582
4082
6017
Left
4583
4088
6018
Right
1227
939
1411
1290
89
312
2
4584
4089
6019
Left
4585
4088
6020
Left
4586
4090
6021
Right
4587
4091
6022
Right
1228
940
1412
1291
89
1057
2
4588
4092
6023
Left
4589
4080
6024
Right
1229
713
1413
1293
89
1233
2
4594
4091
6032
Left
4595
4092
6033
Right
1231
942
1415
1312
89
1237
2
4662
4092
6121
Left
4663
4155
6122
Left
4664
4156
6123
Right
4665
4157
6124
Right
1249
949
1438
1313
89
1238
2
4666
4156
6126
Left
4667
4159
6127
Right
4668
4160
6128
Right
1250
950
1439
1314
89
810
2
4669
4160
6129
Left
4670
4159
6130
Right
1251
951
1440
1315
89
927
2
4671
4161
6131
Left
4672
4162
6132
Left
4673
4074
6133
Right
4674
4163
6134
Right
1252
513
1441
1316
89
812
2
4675
4159
6135
Left
4676
4164
6136
Left
4677
4165
6137
Left
4678
4166
6138
Right
4679
4167
6139
Right
1253
349
1442
1317
89
1240
2
4680
4166
6140
Left
4681
4168
6141
Right
1254
952
1443
1318
89
1241
2
4682
4166
6142
Left
4683
4169
6143
Left
4684
4170
6144
Right
4685
4171
6145
Right
1255
953
1444
1319
89
1242
2
4686
4168
6146
Left
4687
4172
6147
Left
4688
4170
6148
Right
4689
4173
6149
Right
1256
954
1445
1320
89
1243
2
4690
4168
6150
Left
4691
4174
6151
Left
4692
4170
6152
Right
4693
4175
6153
Right
1257
955
1446
1323
89
1246
2
4702
4170
6168
Left
4703
4184
6169
Right
1260
958
1449
1324
89
243
2
4704
4184
6170
Left
4705
4185
6171
Right
4706
4186
6172
Right
1261
960
1450
1325
89
365
2
4707
4188
6174
Left
4708
4189
6175
Left
4709
4190
6176
Right
4710
4185
6177
Right
1262
659
1451
95
42
89
199
4073
5996
Left
200
4074
5997
Right
34
1406
15
214
168
89
14
false
1520
4125
16
regular
186
4189
6180
Left
215
169
89
14
false
1525
4275
16
regular
187
4189
6181
Left
216
170
89
14
false
1520
4420
16
regular
188
4189
6182
Left
217
171
89
14
false
945
755
16
regular
189
4074
6183
Right
218
172
89
14
false
2050
695
16
regular
190
4161
6184
Right
219
173
89
14
false
2050
820
16
regular
191
4161
6185
Right
220
174
89
14
false
1485
1835
16
regular
192
4092
6186
Left
193
4159
6187
Right
221
175
89
14
false
1765
1455
16
regular
194
4161
6188
Left
195
4159
6189
Right
222
176
89
14
false
1575
2325
16
regular
196
4159
6190
Right
223
177
89
14
false
2050
2850
16
regular
197
4159
6191
Left
198
4185
6192
Left
224
178
89
14
false
850
2745
16
regular
199
4159
6193
Right
200
4170
6194
Right
197
74
825
80
1.9
1.9
0
2
11
580
250
187188
245
3033
1.9
1.9
0
2
90
484
497
244
M128 725 C128 675 178 625 228 625 C819 625 1587 625 2178 625 C2228 625 2278 675 2278 725 C2278 1862 2278 3339 2278 4476 C2278 4526 2228 4576 2178 4576 C1587 4576 819 4576 228 4576 C178 4576 128 4526 128 4476 C128 3339 128 1862 128 725
1
true
6
2150.0
3951.0
249
235
Capillary Bed
1170
120
20
1.3
1.3
200
15
250
235
Intracellular space
285
690
20
1.6
1.6
200
15
708
235
Extracellular Space
280
450
20
1.6
1.6
200
15
891951
235
Cytosol
335
1843
20
1.9
1.9
200
15