Browsing Pathways
Showing 41 -
50 of 605359 pathways
SMPDB ID | Pathway Name and Description | Pathway Class | Chemical Compounds | Proteins |
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SMP0174957View Pathway |
Ziprasidone H1 Antihistamine Smooth Muscle Relaxation Action PathwayZiprasidone is a weak H1-antihistamine. H1-antihistamines interfere with the agonist action of histamine at the H1 receptor and are administered to attenuate inflammatory process in order to treat conditions such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and urticaria. H1-antihistamines act on H1 receptors in T-cells to inhibit the immune response, in blood vessels to constrict dilated blood vessels, and in smooth muscles of lungs and intestines to relax those muscles.
H1-antihistamines interfere with the agonist action of histamine at the H1 receptor and are administered to attenuate inflammatory process in order to treat conditions such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and urticaria. H1-antihistamines act on H1 receptors in T-cells to inhibit the immune response, in blood vessels to constrict dilated blood vessels, and in smooth muscles of lungs and intestines to relax those muscles. Allergies causes blood vessel dilation which causes swelling (edema) and fluid leakage. Ziprasidone also inhibits the H1 histamine receptor on bronchiole smooth muscle myocytes. This normally activates the Gq signalling cascade which activates phospholipase C which catalyzes the production of Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and Diacylglycerol (DAG). Because of the inhibition, IP3 doesn't activate the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and DAG doesn't activate the release of calcium into the cytosol of the endothelial cell. This causes a low concentration of calcium in the cytosol, and it, therefore, cannot bind to calmodulin.Calcium bound calmodulin is required for the activation of myosin light chain kinase. This prevents the phosphorylation of myosin light chain 3, causing an accumulation of myosin light chain 3. This causes muscle relaxation, opening up the bronchioles in the lungs, making breathing easier.
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SMP0142707View Pathway |
Ziprasidone Drug Metabolism Action Pathway |
Drug Action
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SMP0126472View Pathway |
Ziprasidone Dopamine Antagonist Action PathwayZiprasidone is an atypical antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar mania, and acute agitation in schizophrenic patients. It also indicated improvement on the manic syndrome subscale that measures symptoms of mania such as mood, insomnia, excessive energy and activity, and overall behavior and ideation. Ziprasidone is also used as off-labeled for monotherapy in acute hypomania, monotherapy as maintenance treatment for adult patients with bipolar I disorder, hyperactivity treatment, and for the treatment of delirium in the ICU. Ziprasidone presents in both oral capsule and intramuscular injection formulations. Ziprasidone is an atypical antipsychotic that has a binding affinity for dopaminergic (DA), serotonergic (5HT), adrenergic (a1), and histaminergic (HA) receptors. Regarding treatment for schizophrenia, antagonism of the dopamine (D2) receptor in the mesolimbic pathway has proven efficacious in diminishing positive symptoms, whereas the antagonism of the 5HT2A receptor in the mesocortical pathway has demonstrated reduction of negative symptoms of psychosis. Its efficacy and mechanism of action for treating bipolar disorder are unknown. The antagonization of both histaminergic and adrenergic (a1) receptors can induce somnolence and orthostatic hypotension.
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SMP0145180View Pathway |
Zinc sulfate, unspecified form Drug Metabolism Action Pathway |
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SMP0144421View Pathway |
Zinc sulfate Drug Metabolism Action Pathway |
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SMP0145272View Pathway |
Zinc phenolsulfonate Drug Metabolism Action Pathway |
Drug Action
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SMP0130543View Pathway |
Zinc phenolsulfonate Drug MetabolismZinc phenolsulfonate is a drug that is not metabolized by the human body as determined by current research and biotransformer analysis. Zinc phenolsulfonate passes through the liver and is then excreted from the body mainly through the kidney.
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SMP0144420View Pathway |
Zinc oxide Drug Metabolism Action Pathway |
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SMP0144650View Pathway |
Zinc gluconate Drug Metabolism Action Pathway |
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SMP0130547View Pathway |
Zinc gluconate Drug MetabolismZinc gluconate is a drug that is not metabolized by the human body as determined by current research and biotransformer analysis. Zinc gluconate passes through the liver and is then excreted from the body mainly through the kidney.
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Showing 41 -
50 of 65005 pathways