65509
Pathway
CXCR4 Signaling Pathway
CXCR4 is a chemokine G-protein-coupled receptor. Chemokine receptors couple to the pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi proteins. It is involved in organogenesis, hematopoiesis, and the immune response. Chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) binds CXCR4. CXCR4 is also a co-receptor for HIV and is involved in the metastasis of some cancers. Pertussis toxin ADP-ribosylates guanine nucleotide binding protein alpha inhibiting (Gai) proteins inhibiting GPCR/Gi coupling. Activated Gai inhibits adenylyl cyclase and activates tyrosine kinases, while activated guanine nucleotide binding protein beta and gamma activate PI3K - regulating gene transcription, cell migration, and cell adhesion. PLC is activated to cause the cleavage of PIP2 to IP3 and DG. This leads to the increase of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum and the activation of protein kinase C.
Protein
PW065635
Center
PathwayVisualizationContext65911
2000
2000
#000099
PathwayVisualization65391
65509
CXCR4 Signaling Pathway
CXCR4 is a chemokine G-protein-coupled receptor. Chemokine receptors couple to the pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi proteins. It is involved in organogenesis, hematopoiesis, and the immune response. Chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) binds CXCR4. CXCR4 is also a co-receptor for HIV and is involved in the metastasis of some cancers. Pertussis toxin ADP-ribosylates guanine nucleotide binding protein alpha inhibiting (Gai) proteins inhibiting GPCR/Gi coupling. Activated Gai inhibits adenylyl cyclase and activates tyrosine kinases, while activated guanine nucleotide binding protein beta and gamma activate PI3K - regulating gene transcription, cell migration, and cell adhesion. PLC is activated to cause the cleavage of PIP2 to IP3 and DG. This leads to the increase of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum and the activation of protein kinase C.
Protein
1
231496
https://cgap.nci.nih.gov/Pathways/BioCarta/h_cxcr4Pathway
65509
Pathway
231497
17169327
Busillo JM, Benovic JL: Regulation of CXCR4 signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Apr;1768(4):952-63. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.11.002. Epub 2006 Nov 10.
65509
Pathway
231498
21705626
Kremer KN, Clift IC, Miamen AG, Bamidele AO, Qian NX, Humphreys TD, Hedin KE: Stromal cell-derived factor-1 signaling via the CXCR4-TCR heterodimer requires phospholipase C-beta3 and phospholipase C-gamma1 for distinct cellular responses. J Immunol. 2011 Aug 1;187(3):1440-7. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100820. Epub 2011 Jun 24.
65509
Pathway
1
Cell
CL:0000000
4
Cardiomyocyte
CL:0000746
3
Neuron
CL:0000540
7
Epithelial Cell
CL:0000066
2
Platelet
CL:0000233
8
Beta cell
CL:0000639
1
Homo sapiens
9606
Eukaryote
Human
3
Escherichia coli
562
Prokaryote
18
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4932
Eukaryote
Yeast
12
Mus musculus
10090
Eukaryote
Mouse
4
Arabidopsis thaliana
3702
Eukaryote
Thale cress
23
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
287
Prokaryote
5
Bos taurus
9913
Eukaryote
Cattle
17
Rattus norvegicus
10116
Eukaryote
Rat
10
Drosophila melanogaster
7227
Eukaryote
Fruit fly
6
Caenorhabditis elegans
6239
Eukaryote
Roundworm
2
Bacteria
2
Prokaryote
Bacteria
19
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
4896
Eukaryote
24
Solanum lycopersicum
4081
Eukaryote
Tomato
21
Xenopus laevis
8355
Eukaryote
African clawed frog
29
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)
559292
Eukaryote
Baker's yeast
25
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
83333
Prokaryote
49
Bathymodiolus platifrons
220390
Eukaryote
Deep sea mussel
60
Nitzschia sp.
0001
Eukaryote
Nitzschia4
56
Andro
6666
Eukaryote
5
Cytoplasm
GO:0005737
1
Cytosol
GO:0005829
2
Mitochondrion
GO:0005739
12
Mitochondrial Inner Membrane
GO:0005743
7
Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane
GO:0005789
13
Endoplasmic Reticulum
GO:0005783
10
Cell Membrane
GO:0005886
31
Periplasmic Space
GO:0005620
3
Mitochondrial Matrix
GO:0005759
4
Peroxisome
GO:0005777
19
sarcoplasmic reticulum
GO:0016529
15
Nucleus
GO:0005634
14
Mitochondrial Outer Membrane
GO:0005741
35
Chloroplast
GO:0009507
34
Plant-Type Vacuole
GO:0000325
32
Inner Membrane
GO:0070258
11
Extracellular Space
GO:0005615
24
Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space
GO:0005758
25
Golgi apparatus
GO:0005794
6
Lysosome
GO:0005764
16
Lysosomal Lumen
GO:0043202
36
Membrane
GO:0016020
1
Liver
BTO:0000759
72
9
11
Heart
BTO:0000562
73
10
25
Intestine
BTO:0000648
2
Endothelium
BTO:0000393
5
cardiocyte
BTO:0001539
18
Pancreas
BTO:0000988
8
Blood Vessel
BTO:0001102
74
11
32
Adrenal Cortex
BTO:0000045
8
5
1
1
PW_BS000008
2
1
1
1
PW_BS000002
3
2
1
1
PW_BS000003
17
12
1
1
PW_BS000017
49
7
1
1
PW_BS000049
29
1
1
1
PW_BS000029
7
1
1
PW_BS000007
18
13
1
1
PW_BS000018
14
10
1
PW_BS000014
31
1
5
1
1
PW_BS000031
107
31
3
PW_BS000107
101
5
3
1
PW_BS000101
108
1
3
PW_BS000108
160
1
18
1
PW_BS000160
115
10
12
PW_BS000115
151
1
4
1
PW_BS000151
65
11
1
PW_BS000065
315
1
23
PW_BS000024
318
31
23
PW_BS000024
253
5
4
1
PW_BS000024
132
1
12
1
PW_BS000132
112
2
12
1
PW_BS000112
111
5
12
1
PW_BS000111
124
1
5
1
PW_BS000124
122
5
5
1
PW_BS000122
407
2
5
1
PW_BS000115
118
1
17
1
PW_BS000118
135
5
17
1
PW_BS000135
119
2
17
1
PW_BS000119
299
1
10
1
PW_BS000024
481
2
10
1
PW_BS000115
388
1
6
1
PW_BS000112
205
5
6
1
PW_BS000024
206
2
6
1
PW_BS000024
4
3
1
1
PW_BS000004
5
4
1
1
PW_BS000005
10
1
7
1
1
PW_BS000010
47
19
1
4
PW_BS000047
46
1
1
4
PW_BS000046
72
5
1
3
PW_BS000072
61
25
1
7
PW_BS000061
23
15
1
1
PW_BS000023
22
14
1
1
PW_BS000022
27
15
1
PW_BS000027
97
1
5
2
1
PW_BS000097
100
5
2
1
PW_BS000100
103
3
3
1
PW_BS000103
120
3
17
1
PW_BS000120
129
1
5
12
1
PW_BS000129
133
3
12
1
PW_BS000133
6
1
3
1
PW_BS000006
143
1
5
19
1
PW_BS000143
146
5
19
1
PW_BS000146
147
1
24
1
PW_BS000147
155
3
24
1
PW_BS000155
161
3
18
1
PW_BS000161
178
3
21
1
PW_BS000178
117
1
3
1
PW_BS000117
188
1
18
PW_BS000024
211
10
18
PW_BS000024
198
5
18
1
PW_BS000024
210
13
18
1
PW_BS000024
212
1
7
18
1
PW_BS000024
163
2
18
1
PW_BS000163
222
3
4
1
PW_BS000024
225
35
4
1
PW_BS000024
227
34
4
1
PW_BS000024
241
5
29
PW_BS000024
257
15
29
1
PW_BS000024
213
7
18
1
PW_BS000024
170
18
PW_BS000170
164
4
PW_BS000164
281
1
25
1
PW_BS000024
290
5
49
1
PW_BS000024
223
12
4
1
PW_BS000024
304
1
2
PW_BS000024
322
1
23
1
PW_BS000024
293
4
1
PW_BS000024
134
12
12
1
PW_BS000134
336
1
12
1
PW_BS000028
130
13
12
1
PW_BS000130
332
1
7
12
1
PW_BS000028
329
14
12
1
PW_BS000028
353
25
12
7
PW_BS000028
331
7
12
1
PW_BS000028
368
3
60
1
PW_BS000028
308
10
1
1
PW_BS000024
383
7
5
1
PW_BS000100
384
12
5
1
PW_BS000100
390
7
6
1
PW_BS000112
391
12
6
1
PW_BS000112
94
3
PW_BS000094
398
7
17
1
PW_BS000113
109
32
3
PW_BS000109
406
3
5
1
PW_BS000115
125
13
5
1
PW_BS000125
429
1
5
1
PW_BS000115
121
12
17
1
PW_BS000121
123
1
7
5
1
PW_BS000123
382
14
5
1
PW_BS000100
405
10
5
PW_BS000115
136
13
17
1
PW_BS000136
464
1
17
1
PW_BS000115
447
1
7
17
1
PW_BS000115
399
14
17
1
PW_BS000113
376
10
17
PW_BS000053
472
25
17
7
PW_BS000115
479
3
10
1
PW_BS000115
297
5
10
1
PW_BS000024
478
10
10
PW_BS000115
300
13
10
1
PW_BS000024
298
1
7
10
1
PW_BS000024
484
14
10
1
PW_BS000115
501
3
6
1
PW_BS000115
209
10
6
PW_BS000024
395
13
6
1
PW_BS000113
513
1
7
6
1
PW_BS000115
389
14
6
1
PW_BS000112
16
2
1
2
PW_BS000016
15
11
1
PW_BS000015
21
5
1
1
4
PW_BS000021
35
5
19
1
4
PW_BS000035
42
24
1
1
PW_BS000042
43
25
1
1
PW_BS000043
58
1
14
1
1
PW_BS000058
9
6
1
1
PW_BS000009
71
11
1
3
PW_BS000071
66
18
5
1
8
PW_BS000066
28
1
16
1
1
PW_BS000028
190
11
18
PW_BS000024
285
10
4
1
PW_BS000024
1
1
PW_BS000001
356
25
12
1
PW_BS000028
345
24
12
1
PW_BS000028
114
11
12
PW_BS000114
74
1
3
PW_BS000074
228
36
1
PW_BS000024
51
8
1
PW_BS000051
418
24
5
1
PW_BS000115
419
25
5
1
PW_BS000115
409
11
5
PW_BS000115
454
24
17
1
PW_BS000115
455
25
17
1
PW_BS000115
137
11
17
PW_BS000137
489
24
10
1
PW_BS000115
490
25
10
1
PW_BS000115
495
7
10
1
PW_BS000115
506
24
6
1
PW_BS000115
507
25
6
1
PW_BS000115
168
32
1
PW_BS000168
41
8
1
1
PW_BS000041
599
8
56
PW_BS000501
166
1
1
PW_BS000166
608
32
1
PW_BS000501
665
18
1
8
PW_BS000508
87
PW_B000087
219
368
ElementCollection
1
220
7908
ProteinComplex
1
88
PW_B000088
221
290
ElementCollection
1
222
359
ElementCollection
1
223
353
Compound
1
353
Calcium
HMDB0000464
Calcium is essential for the normal growth and maintenance of bones and teeth, and calcium requirements must be met throughout life. Requirements are greatest during periods of growth, such as childhood, during pregnancy and when breast-feeding. Long-term calcium deficiency can lead to osteoporosis, in which the bone deteriorates and there is an increased risk of fractures. Adults need between 1,000 and 1,300 mg of calcium in their daily diet. Calcium is essential for living organisms, particularly in cell physiology, and is the most common metal in many animals. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Calcium combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. Calcium is an important component of a healthy diet. A deficit can affect bone and tooth formation, while overretention can cause kidney stones. Vitamin D is needed to absorb calcium. Dairy products, such as milk and cheese, are a well-known source of calcium. However, some individuals are allergic to dairy products and even more people, particularly those of non-European descent, are lactose-intolerant, leaving them unable to consume dairy products. Fortunately, many other good sources of calcium exist. These include: seaweeds such as kelp, wakame and hijiki; nuts and seeds (like almonds and sesame); beans; amaranth; collard greens; okra; rutabaga; broccoli; kale; and fortified products such as orange juice and soy milk. Calcium has also been found to assist in the production of lymphatic fluids.
14127-61-8
C00076
271
29108
CA%2b2
266
DB01373
[Ca++]
Ca
InChI=1S/Ca/q+2
BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
calcium(2+) ion
40.078
39.962591155
0
calcium(2+) ion
2
2
FDB003513
Ca;Calcium element;Ca(2+);Ca2+;Calcium ion;Calcium, doubly charged positive ion
PW_C000353
Ca2+
276
16
303
8
553
14
601
2
941
15
993
21
997
35
1046
3
1163
46
1164
47
1478
49
1491
42
1552
43
2116
58
2138
17
2796
18
2937
9
3159
71
3160
72
3942
29
4186
66
4782
10
4822
28
5340
111
5780
101
7179
205
7232
211
7258
160
7281
190
11774
213
11837
198
11842
210
12198
164
12215
285
15288
151
15350
308
69336
1
77389
331
77600
115
78154
132
78266
356
78526
345
78724
130
78908
114
80413
74
80589
228
81826
51
120220
122
120465
405
121049
124
121300
418
121377
419
121850
383
121923
125
122370
409
122895
135
123099
376
123613
118
123870
454
123936
455
124403
398
124476
136
124924
137
125571
297
125711
478
125981
489
126009
299
126050
490
126533
495
127203
209
127434
506
127460
388
127502
507
128105
390
9795
Zinc
HMDB0015532
Zinc is an essential element, necessary for sustaining all life. It is a trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. It is estimated that 3000 of the hundreds of thousands of proteins in the human body contain zinc prosthetic groups. In addition, there are over a dozen cell types in the human body that secrete zinc ions, and the roles of these secreted zinc signals in medicine and health are now being actively studied. Intriguingly, brain cells in the mammalian forebrain are one type of cell that secretes zinc, along with its other neuronal messenger substances. Cells in the salivary gland, prostate, immune system, and intestine are other types that secrete zinc. Obtaining a sufficient zinc intake during pregnancy and in young children is a problem, especially among those who cannot afford a good and varied diet. Zinc deficiency is associated with anemia, short stature, hypogonadism, impaired wound healing, and geophagia. Brain development is stunted by zinc deficiency in utero and in youth. Zinc is an activator of certain enzymes, such as carbonic anhydrase. Carbonic anhydrase is important in the transport of carbon dioxide in vertebrate blood. Even though zinc is an essential requirement for a healthy body, too much zinc can be harmful. Excessive absorption of zinc can also suppress copper and iron absorption. The free zinc ion in solution is highly toxic to plants, invertebrates, and even vertebrate fish. The Free Ion Activity Model (FIAM) is well-established in the literature and shows that just micromolar amounts of the free ion kill some organisms.
7440-66-6
23994
27363
22430
DB01593
[Zn]
Zn
InChI=1S/Zn
HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
zinc(2+) ion
65.409
63.929146578
0
zinc(2+) ion
2
2
30zn;Cinc;Zincum;Zink;Zn;Zn(ii);Zn2+
PW_C009795
Zinc
57
8
1711
2
1904
3
2137
17
2154
49
3610
29
4083
7
4469
18
4543
14
4999
31
6689
107
6690
101
6699
108
7020
160
11758
115
12229
151
12633
65
42397
315
42399
318
77030
253
78023
132
78328
112
78811
111
120119
124
120898
122
122308
407
122852
118
123469
135
124860
119
125486
299
126474
481
127023
388
127317
205
128043
206
1104
Phosphate
HMDB0001429
Phosphate is a salt of phosphoric acid. In organic chemistry, a phosphate, or organophosphate, is an ester of phosphoric acid. Organic phosphates are important in biochemistry, biogeochemistry and ecology. Phosphate (Pi) is an essential component of life. In biological systems, phosphorus is found as a free phosphate ion in solution and is called inorganic phosphate, to distinguish it from phosphates bound in various phosphate esters. Inorganic phosphate is generally denoted Pi and at physiological (neutral) pH primarily consists of a mixture of HPO<sup>2-</sup><sub>4</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>PO<sup>-</sup><sub>4</sub> ions. phosphates are most commonly found in the form of adenosine phosphates, (AMP, ADP and ATP) and in DNA and RNA and can be released by the hydrolysis of ATP or ADP. Similar reactions exist for the other nucleoside diphosphates and triphosphates. Phosphoanhydride bonds in ADP and ATP, or other nucleoside diphosphates and triphosphates, contain high amounts of energy which give them their vital role in all living organisms. Phosphate must be actively transported into cells against its electrochemical gradient. In vertebrates, two unrelated families of Na+-dependent Pi transporters carry out this task. Remarkably, the two families transport different Pi species: whereas type II Na+/Pi cotransporters (SCL34) prefer divalent HPO4(2), type III Na+/Pi cotransporters (SLC20) transport monovalent H2PO4. The SCL34 family comprises both electrogenic and electroneutral members that are expressed in various epithelia and other polarized cells. Through regulated activity in apical membranes of the gut and kidney, they maintain body Pi homeostasis, and in salivary and mammary glands, liver, and testes they play a role in modulating the Pi content of luminal fluids. Phosphate levels in the blood play an important role in hormone signaling and in bone homeostasis. In classical endocrine regulation, low serum phosphate induces the renal production of the seco-steroid hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3).This active metabolite of vitamin D acts to restore circulating mineral (i.e. phosphate and calcium) levels by increasing absorption in the intestine, reabsorption in the kidney, and mobilization of calcium and phosphate from bone. Thus, chronic renal failure is associated with hyperparathyroidism, which in turn contributes to osteomalacia (softening of the bones). Another complication of chronic renal failure is hyperphosphatemia (low levels of phosphate in the blood). Hyperphosphatemia (excess levels of phosphate in the blood) is a prevalent condition in kidney dialysis patients and is associated with increased risk of mortality. Hypophosphatemia (hungry bone syndrome) has been associated to postoperative electrolyte aberrations and after parathyroidectomy. (PMID: 17581921, 11169009, 11039261, 9159312, 17625581)Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) has recently been recognized as a key mediator of phosphate homeostasis, its most notable effect being promotion of phosphate excretion. FGF-23 was discovered to be involved in diseases such as autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets, X-linked hypophosphatemia, and tumor-induced osteomalacia in which phosphate wasting was coupled to inappropriately low levels of 1,25(OH)2D3. FGF-23 is regulated by dietary phosphate in humans. In particular it was found that phosphate restriction decreased FGF-23, and phosphate loading increased FGF-23.
14265-44-2
C00009
1061
18367
CPD-8587
1032
[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O
O4P
InChI=1S/H3O4P/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H3,1,2,3,4)/p-3
NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K
phosphoric acid
94.9714
94.95342
3
phosphoric acid
0
-2
DBMET00532
FDB022617
Nfb orthophosphate;O-phosphoric acid;Ortho-phosphate;Orthophosphate (po43-);Orthophosphate(3-);Phosphate;Phosphate (po43-);Phosphate anion(3-);Phosphate ion (po43-);Phosphate ion(3-);Phosphate trianion;Phosphate(3-);Phosphoric acid ion(3-);Pi;[po4](3-);Orthophosphate;Phosphate ion;Po4(3-);Phosphoric acid;Orthophosphoric acid;Phosphoric acid ion
PW_C001104
Pi
24
4
84
8
814
5
818
18
831
2
980
3
1763
14
1767
49
2500
10
2729
47
2737
46
3129
29
3166
72
3636
61
3851
23
4249
22
4475
31
5031
27
5158
7
5207
97
5216
100
5317
111
5351
112
5381
103
5447
120
5543
129
5573
133
5605
135
5625
108
5693
6
5848
143
5855
146
5911
147
5941
151
6040
155
6100
161
6294
107
6487
178
6691
101
6714
117
6842
188
6889
160
7161
205
7189
206
7212
211
7306
198
7389
210
7402
212
7436
163
7475
222
8196
225
8258
227
10118
241
10134
257
11748
132
11761
115
11773
213
11904
170
11927
164
12014
281
12728
290
13263
223
34819
17
42255
304
42350
315
42435
318
43692
322
77018
253
77194
293
77217
134
77940
336
77966
130
78048
332
78057
329
78245
353
78669
331
80022
368
89279
308
93831
383
94796
384
110558
390
110640
391
113235
94
115845
398
116206
109
119982
406
120069
122
120699
407
121057
124
121216
125
121268
429
121352
121
121409
123
121423
382
121852
405
123304
119
123621
118
123786
136
123838
464
123968
447
123981
399
124405
376
124948
472
125362
479
125446
297
125774
481
125954
299
126221
478
126594
300
126604
298
126723
484
126904
501
127413
388
127783
209
128166
395
128177
513
128315
389
368
PIP2
Compound
6099
Compound
PW_EC000368
PIP2
80231
228
80232
168
80233
8
80234
23
290
DG
Compound
3149
Compound
PW_EC000290
DG
359
PKC
ProteinComplex
6638
ProteinComplex
PW_EC000359
PKC
80079
8
354
PI3K
ProteinComplex
1064
ProteinComplex
PW_EC000354
PI3K
80071
8
375
IP3
Compound
Compound
PW_EC000375
IP3
14693
Stromal cell-derived factor 1
P48061
Chemoattractant active on T-lymphocytes and monocytes but not neutrophils. Activates the C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR4 to induce a rapid and transient rise in the level of intracellular calcium ions and chemotaxis. SDF-1-beta(3-72) and SDF-1-alpha(3-67) show a reduced chemotactic activity. Binding to cell surface proteoglycans seems to inhibit formation of SDF-1-alpha(3-67) and thus to preserve activity on local sites. Also binds to atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3, which activates the beta-arrestin pathway and acts as a scavenger receptor for SDF-1. Binds to the allosteric site (site 2) of integrins and activates integrins ITGAV:ITGB3, ITGA4:ITGB1 and ITGA5:ITGB1 in a CXCR4-independent manner (PubMed:29301984). Acts as a positive regulator of monocyte migration and a negative regulator of monocyte adhesion via the LYN kinase. Stimulates migration of monocytes and T-lymphocytes through its receptors, CXCR4 and ACKR3, and decreases monocyte adherence to surfaces coated with ICAM-1, a ligand for beta-2 integrins. SDF1A/CXCR4 signaling axis inhibits beta-2 integrin LFA-1 mediated adhesion of monocytes to ICAM-1 through LYN kinase. Inhibits CXCR4-mediated infection by T-cell line-adapted HIV-1. Plays a protective role after myocardial infarction. Induces down-regulation and internalization of ACKR3 expressed in various cells. Has several critical functions during embryonic development; required for B-cell lymphopoiesis, myelopoiesis in bone marrow and heart ventricular septum formation. Stimulates the proliferation of bone marrow-derived B-cell progenitors in the presence of IL7 as well as growth of stromal cell-dependent pre-B-cells (By similarity).
CXCL12
1
82706
308
2864
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4
P61073
Receptor for the C-X-C chemokine CXCL12/SDF-1 that transduces a signal by increasing intracellular calcium ions levels and enhancing MAPK1/MAPK3 activation. Acts as a receptor for extracellular ubiquitin; leading to enhance intracellular calcium ions and reduce cellular cAMP levels. Involved in haematopoiesis and in cardiac ventricular septum formation. Plays also an essential role in vascularization of the gastrointestinal tract, probably by regulating vascular branching and/or remodeling processes in endothelial cells. Could be involved in cerebellar development. In the CNS, could mediate hippocampal-neuron survival. Acts as a coreceptor (CD4 being the primary receptor) for HIV-1 X4 isolates and as a primary receptor for some HIV-2 isolates. Promotes Env-mediated fusion of the virus
HMDBP07643
CXCR4
2q21
AJ224869
1
82707
308
4836
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
P63096
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. The G(i) proteins are involved in hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase:they inhibit the cyclase in response to beta-adrenergic stimuli
HMDBP10758
GNAI1
7q21
AK292953
1
82710
8
136194
41
14694
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
P62873
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.
GNB1
1
82721
8
3627
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1
P63211
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein- effector interaction
HMDBP08407
GNGT1
7q21.3
BC029367
1
5160
8
135589
599
136222
14
1703
GTPase HRas
P01112
Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity
HMDBP01958
HRAS
11p15.5
BC006499
1
4092
14
4235
2
4371
8
80535
1
82723
308
89114
253
1084
RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase
P04049
Involved in the transduction of mitogenic signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Part of the Ras-dependent signaling pathway from receptors to the nucleus. Protects cells from apoptosis mediated by STK3
HMDBP01153
RAF1
3p25
M11376
1
2.7.11.1
4236
2
4544
14
11657
8
5788
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1
Q02750
Dual specificity protein kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. Binding of extracellular ligands such as growth factors, cytokines and hormones to their cell-surface receptors activates RAS and this initiates RAF1 activation. RAF1 then further activates the dual-specificity protein kinases MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2. Both MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2 function specifically in the MAPK/ERK cascade, and catalyze the concomitant phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Glu-Tyr sequence located in the extracellular signal-regulated kinases MAPK3/ERK1 and MAPK1/ERK2, leading to their activation and further transduction of the signal within the MAPK/ERK cascade. Depending on the cellular context, this pathway mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation, predominantly through the regulation of transcription, metabolism and cytoskeletal rearrangements. One target of the MAPK/ERK cascade is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), a nuclear receptor that promotes differentiation and apoptosis. MAP2K1/MEK1 has been shown to export PPARG from the nucleus. The MAPK/ERK cascade is also involved in the regulation of endosomal dynamics, including lysosome processing and endosome cycling through the perinuclear recycling compartment (PNRC), as well as in the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus during mitosis.
MAP2K1
1
2.7.12.2
4237
2
4545
14
80326
8
1184
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3
P27361
Involved in both the initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors such as ELK-1. Phosphorylates EIF4EBP1; required for initiation of translation. Phosphorylates microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2). Phosphorylates SPZ1. Phosphorylates heat shock factor protein 4 (HSF4)
HMDBP01263
MAPK3
16p11.2
AC012645
1
2.7.11.24
11659
8
80758
23
1117
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1
P28482
Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Binds to a [GC]AAA[GC] consensus sequence. Repress the expression of interferon gamma-induced genes. Seems to bind to the promoter of CCL5, DMP1, IFIH1, IFITM1, IRF7, IRF9, LAMP3, OAS1, OAS2, OAS3 and STAT1. Transcriptional activity is independent of kinase activity
HMDBP01190
MAPK1
22q11.2|22q11.21
Z11694
1
2.7.11.24
4038
2
11658
8
80757
23
1070
Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase C2 domain-containing subunit gamma
O75747
In vitro, phosphorylates PtdIns and PtdIns4P but not PtdIns(4,5)P2
HMDBP01139
PIK3C2G
12p12
AC087236
1
2.7.1.154
82730
8
1324
Protein-tyrosine kinase 2-beta
Q14289
Involved in calcium induced regulation of ion channel and activation of the map kinase signaling pathway. May represent an important signaling intermediate between neuropeptide activated receptors or neurotransmitters that increase calcium flux and the downstream signals that regulate neuronal activity. Interacts with the SH2 domain of Grb2. May phosphorylate the voltage-gated potassium channel protein Kv1.2. Its activation is highly correlated with the stimulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity. Involved in osmotic stress-dependent SNCA 'Tyr-125' phosphorylation
HMDBP01425
PTK2B
8p21.1
CH471080
1
2.7.10.2
82785
8
135921
293
1201
Focal adhesion kinase 1
Q05397
Non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase implicated in signaling pathways involved in cell motility, proliferation and apoptosis. Activated by tyrosine-phosphorylation in response to either integrin clustering induced by cell adhesion or antibody cross-linking, or via G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) occupancy by ligands such as bombesin or lysophosphatidic acid, or via LDL receptor occupancy. Plays a potential role in oncogenic transformations resulting in increased kinase activity
HMDBP01281
PTK2
8q24.3
L05186
1
2.7.10.2
82786
8
8659
Paxillin
P49023
Cytoskeletal protein involved in actin-membrane attachment at sites of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (focal adhesion).
PXN
1
82787
8
134618
166
8566
Adapter molecule crk
P46108
The Crk-I and Crk-II forms differ in their biological activities. Crk-II has less transforming activity than Crk-I. Crk-II mediates attachment-induced MAPK8 activation, membrane ruffling and cell motility in a Rac-dependent manner. Involved in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and cell motility via its interaction with DOCK1 and DOCK4. May regulate the EFNA5-EPHA3 signaling.
CRK
1
43810
8
14697
Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1
P56945
Docking protein which plays a central coordinating role for tyrosine kinase-based signaling related to cell adhesion. Implicated in induction of cell migration. Overexpression confers antiestrogen resistance on breast cancer cells.
BCAR1
1
82793
8
1808
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit
P19838
NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor which is present in almost all cell types and is involved in many biological processed such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF- kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52 and the heterodimeric p65-p50 complex appears to be most abundant one. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity. Different dimer combinations act as transcriptional activators or repressors, respectively. NF-kappa-B is controlled by various mechanisms of post-translational modification and subcellular compartmentalization as well as by interactions with other cofactors or corepressors. NF-kappa-B complexes are held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state complexed with members of the NF- kappa-B inhibitor (I-kappa-B) family. In a conventional activation pathway, I-kappa-B is phosphorylated by I-kappa-B kinases (IKKs) in response to different activators, subsequently degraded thus liberating the active NF-kappa-B complex which translocates to the nucleus. NF-kappa-B heterodimeric p65-p50 and RelB-p50 complexes are transcriptional activators. The NF-kappa-B p50-p50 homodimer is a transcriptional repressor, but can act as a transcriptional activator when associated with BCL3. NFKB1 appears to have dual functions such as cytoplasmic retention of attached NF-kappa-B proteins by p105 and generation of p50 by a cotranslational processing. The proteasome-mediated process ensures the production of both p50 and p105 and preserves their independent function, although processing of NFKB1/p105 also appears to occur post- translationally. p50 binds to the kappa-B consensus sequence 5'- GGRNNYYCC-3', located in the enhancer region of genes involved in immune response and acute phase reactions. In a complex with MAP3K8, NFKB1/p105 represses MAP3K8-induced MAPK signaling; active MAP3K8 is released by proteasome-dependent degradation of NFKB1/p105
HMDBP02145
NFKB1
4q24
BC051765
1
4145
2
4147
23
80356
8
115939
27
5773
NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha
P25963
NFKBIA
1
4135
2
4172
23
80142
8
238
1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1
P19174
Mediates the production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Plays an important role in the regulation of intracellular signaling cascades. Becomes activated in response to ligand-mediated activation of receptor-type tyrosine kinases, such as PDGFRA, PDGFRB, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4. Plays a role in actin reorganization and cell migration.
HMDBP00244
PLCG1
20q12-q13.1
CH471077
1
3.1.4.11
4217
2
80229
8
80590
228
82835
308
88996
14
1740
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha
P50148
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems
HMDBP02022
GNAQ
9q21
U43083
1
5163
14
69323
1
82715
8
82836
308
136005
608
136185
665
136201
66
2126
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1
Q14643
Intracellular channel that mediates calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum following stimulation by inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate
HMDBP02849
ITPR1
3p26.1
D26070
1
967
16
2794
18
8502
10
80091
8
136138
654
7908
PLCG1, GNAQ
1
PW_P007908
16013
238
16014
1740
7901
Stromal cell-derived factor 1
1
PW_P007901
16001
14693
7902
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4
1
PW_P007902
16002
2864
7527
Gαi
1
PW_P007527
15403
4836
80059
8
7903
GNB1, GNGT1
1
PW_P007903
16003
14694
16004
3627
955
GTPase HRas
1
PW_P000955
1081
1703
1
1030
RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase
1
PW_P001030
1174
1084
1
422
9795
2
7724
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1
1
PW_P007724
15697
5788
80547
8
7904
ERK1, ERK2
1
PW_P007904
16005
1184
16006
1117
7905
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 3-kinase C2 domain-containing subunit gamma
1
PW_P007905
16007
1070
7906
FAK, PYK2, CRK, PAXILLIN
1
PW_P007906
16008
1324
16009
1201
16010
8659
16011
8566
45
1201
1104
46
8566
1104
7907
Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1
1
PW_P007907
16012
14697
47
14697
1104
7636
NFKB
1
PW_P007636
15534
1808
15535
5773
1141
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor
1
PW_P001141
1303
2126
1
283
PW_T000283
322
353
1
Compound
18
8
Right
230
1141
2014-10-20T03:19:26-06:00
2014-10-20T03:19:26-06:00
49
774
Activation
PW_I000774
1547
7901
ProteinComplex
1
1548
7902
ProteinComplex
1
775
Activation
PW_I000775
1549
7902
ProteinComplex
1
1550
7527
ProteinComplex
1
777
Activation
PW_I000777
1553
7902
ProteinComplex
1
1554
7903
ProteinComplex
1
778
Activation
PW_I000778
1555
7903
ProteinComplex
1
1556
955
ProteinComplex
1
568
Activation
PW_I000568
1135
955
ProteinComplex
1
1136
1030
ProteinComplex
1
779
Activation
PW_I000779
1557
1030
ProteinComplex
1
1558
7724
ProteinComplex
1
780
Activation
PW_I000780
1559
7724
ProteinComplex
1
1560
7904
ProteinComplex
1
781
Activation
PW_I000781
1561
7527
ProteinComplex
1
1562
7905
ProteinComplex
1
782
Activation
PW_I000782
1563
7905
ProteinComplex
1
1564
7906
ProteinComplex
1
783
Activation
PW_I000783
1565
7906
ProteinComplex
1
1566
7907
ProteinComplex
1
784
Activation
PW_I000784
1567
7903
ProteinComplex
1
1568
7905
ProteinComplex
1
785
Activation
PW_I000785
1569
7903
ProteinComplex
1
1570
354
ElementCollection
1
786
Activation
PW_I000786
1571
354
ElementCollection
1
1572
7636
ProteinComplex
1
787
Activation
PW_I000787
1573
7902
ProteinComplex
1
1574
87
Bound
1
788
Activation
PW_I000788
1575
368
ElementCollection
1
1576
290
ElementCollection
1
789
Activation
PW_I000789
1577
290
ElementCollection
1
1578
88
Bound
1
790
Activation
PW_I000790
1579
87
Bound
1
1580
375
ElementCollection
1
791
Activation
PW_I000791
1581
353
Compound
1
1582
88
Bound
1
493
87
308
65391
61
9877
2199029
795
490289
2199030
494
88
308
65391
431
1611488
2199182
62
9880
2199183
63
9881
2199184
1611488
353
308
51
false
210
439
10
regular
78
78
1609745
9795
8
9
true
1545
575
10
regular
100
25
1610686
1104
8
46
false
1200
1170
10
regular
44
43
1610687
1104
8
46
false
934
1065
10
regular
44
43
1610736
1104
8
46
false
1005
1333
10
regular
44
43
1611595
353
18
51
false
580
800
10
regular
78
78
1611596
353
8
51
false
575
562
10
regular
78
78
9877
368
37
308
false
715
340
12
regular
100
90
9880
290
37
308
false
115
342
12
regular
100
90
9881
359
144
308
false
215
357
12
regular
150
70
9875
354
37
8
false
1290
1025
12
regular
100
90
9878
368
37
308
true
718
339
12
regular
100
90
9879
290
37
308
false
468
339
12
regular
100
90
9882
375
37
8
false
710
785
12
regular
100
90
603071
238
308
2
false
615
435
8
subunit
regular
150
70
603072
1740
308
2
false
755
435
8
subunit
regular
150
70
602537
14693
308
2
false
1000
140
8
subunit
regular
150
70
602538
2864
308
80
false
970
325
8
subunit
regular
200
130
602551
4836
8
2
false
1020
630
8
subunit
regular
150
70
602588
14694
8
2
false
1260
815
8
subunit
regular
150
70
602589
3627
8
2
false
1265
880
8
subunit
regular
150
70
602596
1703
308
2
false
1520
355
8
subunit
regular
150
70
602598
1084
8
2
false
1520
590
8
subunit
regular
150
70
602604
5788
8
2
false
1520
810
8
subunit
regular
150
70
602611
1184
8
2
false
1450
1030
8
subunit
regular
150
70
602612
1117
8
2
false
1590
1030
8
subunit
regular
150
70
602627
1070
8
2
false
1020
850
8
subunit
regular
150
70
602866
1324
8
2
false
945
1135
8
subunit
regular
150
70
602867
1201
8
2
false
945
1070
8
subunit
regular
150
70
602868
8659
8
2
false
1090
1070
8
subunit
regular
150
70
602869
8566
8
2
false
1095
1135
8
subunit
regular
150
70
602886
14697
8
2
false
1020
1323
8
subunit
regular
150
70
602917
1808
8
2
false
1260
1310
8
subunit
regular
150
70
602918
5773
8
2
false
1265
1245
8
subunit
regular
150
70
490289
7908
65391
308
601566
603071
601567
603072
489761
7901
65391
308
601032
602537
489762
7902
65391
308
601033
602538
489775
7527
65391
8
601046
602551
489812
7903
65391
8
601083
602588
601084
602589
489819
955
65391
308
601091
602596
489821
1030
65391
8
601093
602598
8449
1609745
2196797
Cofactor
489827
7724
65391
8
601099
602604
489834
7904
65391
8
601106
602611
601107
602612
489849
7905
65391
8
601122
602627
490088
7906
65391
8
601361
602866
601362
602867
601363
602868
601364
602869
8450
1610686
2198065
Modification
8451
1610687
2198066
Modification
490105
7907
65391
8
601381
602886
8452
1610736
2198139
Modification
490136
7636
65391
8
601412
602917
601413
602918
2196528
M1075 210 C1075 240 1075 250 1075 280
149
false
18
2196529
M1075 350 C1075 320 1075 310 1075 280
149
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
2196583
M1095 440 C1095 470 1095 510 1095 540
149
false
18
2196584
M1095 630 C1095 600 1095 570 1095 540
149
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
2196758
M1095 440 C1095 470 1095 600 1095 630
149
false
18
2196759
M1322 799 C1302 772 1124 570 1097 518
149
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 304.261556296296 L 11 303 L 17.380887721185843 316.5751343230783
false
2196788
M1337 822 C1367 822 1347 822 1367 823
149
false
1
2196789
M1567 433 C1554 457 1359 749 1338 801
149
false
1
true
M 148.94685504416483 304.261556296296 L 134 303 L 140.38088772118584 316.5751343230783
false
2196796
M1595 425 C1595 455 1595 473.75 1595 503.75
149
false
18
2196797
M1540 570 L1540 620 L1590 570 z
10
true
18
2196798
M1595 590 C1595 560 1595 528.75 1595 498.75
149
false
18
true
M 148.94685504416483 240.26155629629605 L 134 239 L 140.38088772118584 252.57513432307834
false
2196823
M1595 660 C1595 690 1595 701.25 1595 731.25
149
false
18
2196824
M1595 810 C1595 780 1595 756.25 1595 726.25
149
false
18
true
M 148.94685504416483 240.26155629629605 L 134 239 L 140.38088772118584 252.57513432307834
false
2196855
M1595 880 C1595 910 1595 925 1595 955
149
false
18
2196856
M1598 1027 C1598 997 1595 985 1595 955
149
false
18
true
M 148.94685504416483 396.261556296296 L 134 395 L 140.38088772118584 408.5751343230783
false
2196905
M1108 480 C1145 483 1236 476 1260 493
148
false
18
false
true
M 1116.565967322979 467.6864219732177 L 1108 480 L 1099.434032677021 492.3135780267823
2196924
M1095 700 C1095 730 1095 745 1095 775
149
false
18
2196925
M1095 850 C1095 820 1095 805 1095 775
149
false
18
true
M 148.94685504416483 616.261556296296 L 134 615 L 140.38088772118584 628.5751343230784
false
2198064
M1095 920 C1095 950 1095 987.5 1095 1017.5
149
false
18
2198065
M805 1125 L805 1175 L855 1125 z
10
true
18
2198066
M839 1125 L839 1175 L889 1125 z
10
true
18
2198067
M1097 1064 C1097 1034 1095 1047.5 1095 1017.5
149
false
18
true
M 148.94685504416483 610.261556296296 L 134 609 L 140.38088772118584 622.5751343230784
false
2198138
M1094 1199 C1094 1229 1094 1197.25 1095 1262.25
149
false
18
2198139
M1015 1378 L1015 1428 L1065 1378 z
10
true
18
2198140
M1095 1323 C1095 1293 1095 1292.25 1095 1262.25
149
false
18
true
M 148.94685504416483 884.261556296296 L 134 883 L 140.38088772118584 896.5751343230784
false
2198244
M1340 950 C1340 980 1340 995 1340 1025
149
false
18
2198245
M1170 885 C1204 885 1242 887 1264 887
149
false
18
true
M 148.94685504416483 524.261556296296 L 134 523 L 140.38088772118584 536.5751343230784
false
2198266
M1340 950 C1340 980 1340 995 1340 1025
149
false
18
2198267
M1340 1025 C1340 995 1340 980 1340 950
149
false
18
true
M 148.94685504416483 416.261556296296 L 134 415 L 140.38088772118584 428.5751343230783
false
2198300
M1340 1245 C1340 1215 1342 1120.5 1342 1090.5
149
false
1
true
M 148.94685504416483 416.261556296296 L 134 415 L 140.38088772118584 428.5751343230783
false
2198301
M1340 1125 C1340 1155 1340 1062.5 1340 1092.5
149
false
1
2198390
M1095 1393 C1096 1428 1094 1528 1096 1550
149
false
18
true
M 1092.3547071111414 1537.7419858514584 L 1101 1550 L 1107.2931052081567 1536.3839496608205
false
2199028
M1095 440 C1117 604 915 390 885 390
149
false
18
2199029
M610 490 L610 540 L660 490 z
10
true
18
2199030
M610 430 L610 480 L660 430 z
10
true
18
2199031
M815 390 C845 390 860 390 890 390
149
false
18
true
M 128.94685504416483 142.26155629629605 L 114 141 L 120.38088772118584 154.57513432307834
false
2199076
M718 389 C688 389 673 389 643 389
149
false
18
2199077
M573 389 C603 389 613 389 643 389
149
false
18
true
M 128.94685504416483 142.26155629629605 L 114 141 L 120.38088772118584 154.57513432307834
false
2199181
M468 389 C438 389 405 391 375 391
149
false
18
2199182
M150 344 L150 394 L200 344 z
10
true
18
2199183
M150 412 L150 462 L200 412 z
10
true
18
2199184
M240 412 L240 462 L290 412 z
10
true
18
2199185
M365 392 C395 392 346 389 376 389
149
false
18
true
M 48.946855044164835 110.26155629629604 L 34 109 L 40.38088772118584 122.57513432307834
false
2199218
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149
false
18
true
M 48.946855044164835 110.26155629629604 L 34 109 L 40.38088772118584 122.57513432307834
false
2199219
M762 501 C762 531 760 625 760 655
149
false
18
2199329
M619 800 C619 770 614 755 614 725
83
false
18
2199330
M614 640 C614 670 614 695 614 725
83
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 650.261556296296 L 11 649 L 17.380887721185843 662.5751343230784
false
2199393
M575 601 C540 602 271 604 251 602
149
false
18
2199394
M249 517 C249 547 250 575 250 605
149
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 192.26155629629605 L 11 191 L 17.380887721185843 204.57513432307834
false
2199606
M941 237 C964 253 1008 301 1032 318
149
false
18
true
M 1013.0644009829867 295.6115180941069 L 1028 297 L 1021.7346610946918 283.37115087758207
false
24269
283
65391
49145
1611595
2199329
Left
49146
1611596
2199330
Right
2228
774
65391
308
2679
489761
2196528
Left
2680
489762
2196529
Right
2229
775
65391
8
2681
489762
2196583
Left
2682
489775
2196584
Right
2231
777
65391
8
2685
489762
2196758
Left
2686
489812
2196759
Right
2232
778
65391
308
2687
489812
2196788
Left
2688
489819
2196789
Right
2233
568
65391
8
2689
489819
2196796
Left
2690
489821
2196798
Right
2234
779
65391
8
2691
489821
2196823
Left
2692
489827
2196824
Right
2235
780
65391
8
2693
489827
2196855
Left
2694
489834
2196856
Right
2236
781
65391
8
2695
489775
2196924
Left
2696
489849
2196925
Right
2237
782
65391
8
2697
489849
2198064
Left
2698
490088
2198067
Right
2238
783
65391
8
2699
490088
2198138
Left
2700
490105
2198140
Right
2239
784
65391
8
2701
489812
2198244
Left
2702
489849
2198245
Right
2240
785
65391
8
452
9875
2198267
Right
2703
489812
2198266
Left
2241
786
65391
8
453
9875
2198301
Left
2704
490136
2198300
Right
2242
787
65391
308
608
493
2199031
Right
2705
489762
2199028
Left
2243
788
65391
308
454
9878
2199076
Left
455
9879
2199077
Right
2244
789
65391
308
609
494
2199185
Right
456
9879
2199181
Left
2245
790
65391
8
610
493
2199219
Left
457
9882
2199218
Right
2246
791
65391
308
611
494
2199394
Right
712
1611596
2199393
Left
63879
2196905
63880
2198390
63881
2199606
105832
473
694
1.0
1.0
0
2
3
280
360
185763
150
1178
1.0
1.0
0
2
14
327
267
223465
M51 482 C51 432 101 382 151 382 C634 382 1261 382 1744 382 C1794 382 1844 432 1844 482 C1844 809 1844 1235 1844 1562 C1844 1612 1794 1662 1744 1662 C1261 1662 634 1662 151 1662 C101 1662 51 1612 51 1562 C51 1235 51 809 51 482
1
true
6
1793.0
1280.0
248462
15
Pertussis Toxin
1193
426
20
1.6
1.6
160
15
248646
15
Cell Migration
962
1523
20
1.6
1.6
160
15
248791
15
HIV gp120
710
145
20
1.6
1.6
160
15
248798
235
Extracellular
75
195
20
1.6
1.6
200
15
248799
235
Lymphocyte Cytoplasm
125
1503
20
1.6
1.6
200
15