112824
Pathway
Protein Synthesis: Serine
Protein synthesis is an essential life process that builds the important large amino acid macromolecules that function as enzymes, antibodies, and cellular structural components. Although synthesis begins with the transcription of DNA into RNA, this pathway depicts the reactions that occur during translation. Transcribed messenger RNA (mRNA), which contains the genetic code to direct protein synthesis, is transported out of the nucleus and becomes bound to ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum. The amino acids required to assemble polypeptide chains are delivered to the ribosomes using transfer RNA (tRNA). Each tRNA molecule has both a binding site for a specific amino acid and a three-nucleotide sequence called the anticodon that forms three complementary base pairs with an mRNA codon. Charging or loading the appropriate amino acid onto its tRNA is carried out by an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS or ARS), also called tRNA-ligase. This enzyme catalyzes the esterification of an amino acid to one of all its compatible tRNAs to form an aminoacyl-tRNA. Each of the twenty amino acids has a corresponding aa-tRNA made by a specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. Ribosomes match the anticodons of the charged tRNA molecules with successive codons of the mRNA. After a match is found, the ribosome transfers the amino acid from the matching tRNA onto the growing peptide chain via a reaction termed peptide condensation, and the tRNAs, no longer carrying amino acids, are released.
Protein
PW120517
Center
PathwayVisualizationContext120793
1080
1600
#000099
PathwayVisualization112687
112824
Protein Synthesis: Serine
Protein synthesis is an essential life process that builds the important large amino acid macromolecules that function as enzymes, antibodies, and cellular structural components. Although synthesis begins with the transcription of DNA into RNA, this pathway depicts the reactions that occur during translation. Transcribed messenger RNA (mRNA), which contains the genetic code to direct protein synthesis, is transported out of the nucleus and becomes bound to ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum. The amino acids required to assemble polypeptide chains are delivered to the ribosomes using transfer RNA (tRNA). Each tRNA molecule has both a binding site for a specific amino acid and a three-nucleotide sequence called the anticodon that forms three complementary base pairs with an mRNA codon. Charging or loading the appropriate amino acid onto its tRNA is carried out by an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS or ARS), also called tRNA-ligase. This enzyme catalyzes the esterification of an amino acid to one of all its compatible tRNAs to form an aminoacyl-tRNA. Each of the twenty amino acids has a corresponding aa-tRNA made by a specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. Ribosomes match the anticodons of the charged tRNA molecules with successive codons of the mRNA. After a match is found, the ribosome transfers the amino acid from the matching tRNA onto the growing peptide chain via a reaction termed peptide condensation, and the tRNAs, no longer carrying amino acids, are released.
Protein
1
107819
98
SubPathway
106856
120
Compound
8
277865
9431993
Vincent C, Tarbouriech N, Hartlein M: Genomic organization, cDNA sequence, bacterial expression, and purification of human seryl-tRNA synthase. Eur J Biochem. 1997 Nov 15;250(1):77-84.
112824
Pathway
277866
12962325
Odintsova TI, Muller EC, Ivanov AV, Egorov TA, Bienert R, Vladimirov SN, Kostka S, Otto A, Wittmann-Liebold B, Karpova GG: Characterization and analysis of posttranslational modifications of the human large cytoplasmic ribosomal subunit proteins by mass spectrometry and Edman sequencing. J Protein Chem. 2003 Apr;22(3):249-58.
112824
Pathway
277867
8706699
Vladimirov SN, Ivanov AV, Karpova GG, Musolyamov AK, Egorov TA, Thiede B, Wittmann-Liebold B, Otto A: Characterization of the human small-ribosomal-subunit proteins by N-terminal and internal sequencing, and mass spectrometry. Eur J Biochem. 1996 Jul 1;239(1):144-9.
112824
Pathway
1
Cell
CL:0000000
2
Platelet
CL:0000233
5
Hepatocyte
CL:0000182
3
Neuron
CL:0000540
4
Cardiomyocyte
CL:0000746
8
Beta cell
CL:0000639
7
Epithelial Cell
CL:0000066
10
Glial cell
CL:0000125
1
Homo sapiens
9606
Eukaryote
Human
2
Bacteria
2
Prokaryote
Bacteria
3
Escherichia coli
562
Prokaryote
12
Mus musculus
10090
Eukaryote
Mouse
17
Rattus norvegicus
10116
Eukaryote
Rat
19
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
4896
Eukaryote
24
Solanum lycopersicum
4081
Eukaryote
Tomato
4
Arabidopsis thaliana
3702
Eukaryote
Thale cress
18
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4932
Eukaryote
Yeast
21
Xenopus laevis
8355
Eukaryote
African clawed frog
6
Caenorhabditis elegans
6239
Eukaryote
Roundworm
25
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
83333
Prokaryote
49
Bathymodiolus platifrons
220390
Eukaryote
Deep sea mussel
23
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
287
Prokaryote
60
Nitzschia sp.
0001
Eukaryote
Nitzschia4
5
Bos taurus
9913
Eukaryote
Cattle
10
Drosophila melanogaster
7227
Eukaryote
Fruit fly
51
Picea sitchensis
3332
Eukaryote
Sitka spruce
1
Cytosol
GO:0005829
3
Mitochondrial Matrix
GO:0005759
5
Cytoplasm
GO:0005737
14
Mitochondrial Outer Membrane
GO:0005741
2
Mitochondrion
GO:0005739
15
Nucleus
GO:0005634
4
Peroxisome
GO:0005777
13
Endoplasmic Reticulum
GO:0005783
7
Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane
GO:0005789
10
Cell Membrane
GO:0005886
27
Peroxisome Membrane
GO:0005778
31
Periplasmic Space
GO:0005620
11
Extracellular Space
GO:0005615
35
Chloroplast
GO:0009507
12
Mitochondrial Inner Membrane
GO:0005743
32
Inner Membrane
GO:0070258
2
Endothelium
BTO:0000393
1
Liver
BTO:0000759
72
9
7
Nervous System
BTO:0001484
18
Pancreas
BTO:0000988
25
Intestine
BTO:0000648
8
Blood Vessel
BTO:0001102
74
11
2
1
1
1
PW_BS000002
4
3
1
1
PW_BS000004
8
5
1
1
PW_BS000008
16
2
1
2
PW_BS000016
22
14
1
1
PW_BS000022
13
1
2
1
PW_BS000013
32
1
15
1
5
PW_BS000032
5
4
1
1
PW_BS000005
39
7
1
1
3
PW_BS000039
3
2
1
1
PW_BS000003
18
13
1
1
PW_BS000018
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1
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1
1
PW_BS000010
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7
1
1
PW_BS000049
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10
1
PW_BS000014
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1
14
1
1
PW_BS000058
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27
1
1
PW_BS000059
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15
1
PW_BS000027
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1
1
4
PW_BS000046
29
1
1
1
PW_BS000029
66
18
5
1
8
PW_BS000066
72
5
1
3
PW_BS000072
61
25
1
7
PW_BS000061
51
8
1
PW_BS000051
23
15
1
1
PW_BS000023
31
1
5
1
1
PW_BS000031
91
8
5
1
1
PW_BS000091
54
1
3
1
5
PW_BS000054
89
2
PW_BS000089
26
1
1
1
5
PW_BS000026
7
1
1
PW_BS000007
97
1
5
2
1
PW_BS000097
100
5
2
1
PW_BS000100
104
14
3
1
PW_BS000104
101
5
3
1
PW_BS000101
111
5
12
1
PW_BS000111
112
2
12
1
PW_BS000112
103
3
3
1
PW_BS000103
117
1
3
1
PW_BS000117
118
1
17
1
PW_BS000118
120
3
17
1
PW_BS000120
129
1
5
12
1
PW_BS000129
132
1
12
1
PW_BS000132
133
3
12
1
PW_BS000133
135
5
17
1
PW_BS000135
108
1
3
PW_BS000108
143
1
5
19
1
PW_BS000143
146
5
19
1
PW_BS000146
107
31
3
PW_BS000107
147
1
24
1
PW_BS000147
151
1
4
1
PW_BS000151
155
3
24
1
PW_BS000155
161
3
18
1
PW_BS000161
166
1
1
PW_BS000166
178
3
21
1
PW_BS000178
188
1
18
PW_BS000024
160
1
18
1
PW_BS000160
199
14
18
1
PW_BS000024
205
5
6
1
PW_BS000024
206
2
6
1
PW_BS000024
210
13
18
1
PW_BS000024
213
7
18
1
PW_BS000024
211
10
18
PW_BS000024
198
5
18
1
PW_BS000024
216
4
18
1
PW_BS000024
217
15
18
PW_BS000024
218
15
18
1
PW_BS000024
163
2
18
1
PW_BS000163
222
3
4
1
PW_BS000024
190
11
18
PW_BS000024
225
35
4
1
PW_BS000024
277
1
2
18
PW_BS000024
170
18
PW_BS000170
281
1
25
1
PW_BS000024
164
4
PW_BS000164
285
10
4
1
PW_BS000024
226
4
4
1
PW_BS000024
290
5
49
1
PW_BS000024
223
12
4
1
PW_BS000024
308
10
1
1
PW_BS000024
315
1
23
PW_BS000024
322
1
23
1
PW_BS000024
318
31
23
PW_BS000024
253
5
4
1
PW_BS000024
134
12
12
1
PW_BS000134
329
14
12
1
PW_BS000028
333
1
2
12
PW_BS000028
336
1
12
1
PW_BS000028
332
1
7
12
1
PW_BS000028
350
1
14
12
1
PW_BS000028
128
15
12
1
PW_BS000128
351
15
12
PW_BS000028
353
25
12
7
PW_BS000028
335
27
12
1
PW_BS000028
115
10
12
PW_BS000115
130
13
12
1
PW_BS000130
331
7
12
1
PW_BS000028
334
4
12
1
PW_BS000028
368
3
60
1
PW_BS000028
184
1
2
1
PW_BS000024
119
2
17
1
PW_BS000119
1
1
PW_BS000001
124
1
5
1
PW_BS000124
94
3
PW_BS000094
388
1
6
1
PW_BS000112
109
32
3
PW_BS000109
122
5
5
1
PW_BS000122
406
3
5
1
PW_BS000115
407
2
5
1
PW_BS000115
382
14
5
1
PW_BS000100
412
1
2
5
PW_BS000115
429
1
5
1
PW_BS000115
123
1
7
5
1
PW_BS000123
433
1
14
5
1
PW_BS000115
408
4
5
1
PW_BS000115
410
15
5
1
PW_BS000115
125
13
5
1
PW_BS000125
383
7
5
1
PW_BS000100
405
10
5
PW_BS000115
422
27
5
1
PW_BS000115
435
15
5
PW_BS000115
399
14
17
1
PW_BS000113
446
1
2
17
PW_BS000115
464
1
17
1
PW_BS000115
447
1
7
17
1
PW_BS000115
468
1
14
17
1
PW_BS000115
374
4
17
1
PW_BS000053
444
15
17
1
PW_BS000115
136
13
17
1
PW_BS000136
398
7
17
1
PW_BS000113
376
10
17
PW_BS000053
472
25
17
7
PW_BS000115
375
27
17
1
PW_BS000053
470
15
17
PW_BS000115
297
5
10
1
PW_BS000024
479
3
10
1
PW_BS000115
299
1
10
1
PW_BS000024
481
2
10
1
PW_BS000115
484
14
10
1
PW_BS000115
485
15
10
1
PW_BS000115
300
13
10
1
PW_BS000024
495
7
10
1
PW_BS000115
478
10
10
PW_BS000115
491
27
10
1
PW_BS000115
499
15
10
PW_BS000115
501
3
6
1
PW_BS000115
389
14
6
1
PW_BS000112
516
15
6
1
PW_BS000115
395
13
6
1
PW_BS000113
390
7
6
1
PW_BS000112
209
10
6
PW_BS000024
508
27
6
1
PW_BS000115
517
15
6
PW_BS000115
502
4
6
1
PW_BS000115
249
13
4
1
PW_BS000024
288
14
4
1
PW_BS000024
306
35
51
1
PW_BS000024
17
12
1
1
PW_BS000017
372
10
2
PW_BS000028
384
12
5
1
PW_BS000100
391
12
6
1
PW_BS000112
121
12
17
1
PW_BS000121
105
11
3
PW_BS000105
201
7
5
1
10
PW_BS000024
202
7
11
1
10
PW_BS000024
71
11
1
3
PW_BS000071
15
11
1
PW_BS000015
224
2
4
1
PW_BS000024
222
PW_B000222
577
11001
ProteinComplex
1
578
11454
ProteinComplex
1
579
490
ElementCollection
1
240
PW_B000240
646
26
NucleicAcid
1
647
11001
ProteinComplex
1
648
11454
ProteinComplex
1
649
490
ElementCollection
1
414
Adenosine triphosphate
HMDB0000538
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide consisting of a purine base (adenine) attached to the first carbon atom of ribose (a pentose sugar). Three phosphate groups are esterified at the fifth carbon atom of the ribose. ATP is incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the processes of DNA replication and transcription. ATP contributes to cellular energy charge and participates in overall energy balance, maintaining cellular homeostasis. ATP can act as an extracellular signaling molecule via interactions with specific purinergic receptors to mediate a wide variety of processes as diverse as neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and bone remodelling. Extracellular ATP and its metabolite adenosine have also been shown to exert a variety of effects on nearly every cell type in human skin, and ATP seems to play a direct role in triggering skin inflammatory, regenerative, and fibrotic responses to mechanical injury, an indirect role in melanocyte proliferation and apoptosis, and a complex role in Langerhans cell-directed adaptive immunity. During exercise, intracellular homeostasis depends on the matching of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply and ATP demand. Metabolites play a useful role in communicating the extent of ATP demand to the metabolic supply pathways. Effects as different as proliferation or differentiation, chemotaxis, release of cytokines or lysosomal constituents, and generation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species are elicited upon stimulation of blood cells with extracellular ATP. The increased concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in erythrocytes from patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) has been observed in many studies but the mechanism leading to these abnormalities still is controversial. (PMID: 15490415, 15129319, 14707763, 14696970, 11157473).
56-65-5
C00002
5957
15422
ATP
5742
DB00171
NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
C10H16N5O13P3
InChI=1S/C10H16N5O13P3/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(26-10)1-25-30(21,22)28-31(23,24)27-29(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1
ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-N
({[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)phosphonic acid
507.181
506.995745159
-2.05
7
adenosine triphosphate
0
-3
FDB021813
5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) adenosine;5'-atp;Atp;Adenosine 5'-triphosphate;Adenosine 5'-triphosphorate;Adenosine 5'-triphosphoric acid;Adenosine triphosphate;Adenylpyrophosphorate;Adenylpyrophosphoric acid;Adephos;Adetol;Adynol;Atipi;Atriphos;Cardenosine;Fosfobion;Glucobasin;Myotriphos;Phosphobion;Striadyne;Triadenyl;Triphosphaden;Triphosphoric acid adenosine ester;Adenosine-5'-triphosphate;H4atp;Adenosine triphosphoric acid;Adenosine-5'-triphosphoric acid
PW_C000414
ATP
9
2
21
4
60
8
266
16
414
22
478
13
733
32
799
5
934
39
976
3
2105
18
2112
10
2146
49
2156
14
2160
58
2405
59
2434
27
2726
46
2812
29
3029
66
3163
72
3616
61
3617
51
4399
23
4474
31
4768
91
4864
54
5032
89
5035
26
5155
7
5205
97
5215
100
5250
104
5291
101
5313
111
5346
112
5390
103
5406
117
5430
118
5443
120
5542
129
5556
132
5569
133
5603
135
5621
108
5846
143
5854
146
5876
107
5897
147
5924
151
6048
155
6109
161
6230
166
6493
178
6839
188
6870
160
6976
199
7157
205
7184
206
7209
210
7225
213
7229
211
7298
198
7302
216
7390
217
7408
218
7432
163
7481
222
7499
190
8186
225
11847
277
11903
170
12010
281
12039
164
12178
285
12578
226
12691
290
13264
223
15327
308
42326
315
42621
322
42694
318
77028
253
77218
134
77233
329
77468
333
77632
336
78037
332
78041
350
78168
128
78214
351
78240
353
78411
335
78494
115
78850
130
78865
331
78919
334
80028
368
80046
184
80674
119
85629
1
94826
124
113234
94
113282
388
116280
109
119914
122
119992
406
120154
407
120245
382
120362
412
121246
429
121392
123
121397
433
121471
408
121974
410
122065
125
122079
383
122083
405
122402
422
122444
435
122919
399
123009
446
123816
464
123951
447
123956
468
124029
374
124527
444
124616
136
124630
398
124634
376
124943
472
124972
375
125011
470
125304
297
125371
479
125392
299
125515
481
125595
484
126123
485
126220
300
126234
495
126240
478
126547
491
126596
499
126913
501
127123
389
127731
516
127781
395
127796
390
127801
209
128119
508
128167
517
32
Adenosine monophosphate
HMDB0000045
Adenosine monophosphate, also known as 5'-adenylic acid and abbreviated AMP, is a nucleotide that is found in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside adenosine. AMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. AMP can be produced during ATP synthesis by the enzyme adenylate kinase. AMP has recently been approved as a 'Bitter Blocker' additive to foodstuffs. When AMP is added to bitter foods or foods with a bitter aftertaste it makes them seem 'sweeter'. This potentially makes lower calorie food products more palatable.
61-19-8
C00020
6083
16027
AMP
5858
DB00131
NC1=C2N=CN([C@@H]3O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)C2=NC=N1
C10H14N5O7P
InChI=1S/C10H14N5O7P/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(22-10)1-21-23(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1
UDMBCSSLTHHNCD-KQYNXXCUSA-N
{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}phosphonic acid
347.2212
347.063084339
-2.02
5
adenylate
0
-2
DBMET00485
FDB021806
5'-amp;5'-adenosine monophosphate;5'-adenylate;5'-adenylic acid;Amp;Adenosine 5'-monophosphate;Adenosine 5'-phosphate;Adenosine 5'-phosphorate;Adenosine 5'-phosphoric acid;Adenosine phosphate;Adenosine-5'-monophosphorate;Adenosine-5'-monophosphoric acid;Adenosine-5-monophosphorate;Adenosine-5-monophosphoric acid;Adenosine-monophosphate;Adenosine-phosphate;Adenovite;Adenylate;Adenylic acid;Cardiomone;Lycedan;Muscle adenylate;Muscle adenylic acid;My-b-den;My-beta-den;Phosaden;Phosphaden;Phosphentaside;5'-o-phosphonoadenosine;Adenosine 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate);Adenosine monophosphate;Adenosine-5'p;Adenosini phosphas;Ado5'p;Fosfato de adenosina;Pa;Pado;Phosphate d'adenosine;5'-adenosine monophosphoric acid;Adenosine phosphoric acid;Adenosine 5'-(dihydrogen phosphoric acid);Adenosine 5'-monophosphoric acid;Adenosine monophosphoric acid;Adenosine-5'-monophosphate;Phosphoric acid d'adenosine
PW_C000032
AMP
11
2
34
4
62
8
270
16
734
32
881
22
1189
14
4572
5
4867
54
5033
89
5251
104
5408
117
5423
103
5432
118
5457
120
5558
132
5583
133
5779
101
5795
108
6977
199
7072
188
11789
198
11868
161
11988
151
12003
222
12580
226
12636
31
12694
290
13331
225
42266
3
42646
315
77234
329
77325
111
78392
334
78809
115
79320
112
80399
1
80684
135
80900
7
119916
122
120016
124
120031
406
120246
382
120888
405
121954
408
122920
399
123464
376
124507
374
125306
297
125394
299
125409
479
125596
484
126853
205
126934
388
126949
501
127124
389
127311
209
127711
502
170
Pyrophosphate
HMDB0000250
The anion, the salts, and the esters of pyrophosphoric acid are called pyrophosphates. The pyrophosphate anion is abbreviated PPi and is formed by the hydrolysis of ATP into AMP in cells. This hydrolysis is called pyrophosphorolysis. The pyrophosphate anion has the structure P2O74-, and is an acid anhydride of phosphate. It is unstable in aqueous solution and rapidly hydrolyzes into inorganic phosphate. Pyrophosphate is an osteotoxin (arrests bone development) and an arthritogen (promotes arthritis). It is also a metabotoxin (an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health affects at chronically high levels). Chronically high levels of pyrophosphate are associated with hypophosphatasia. Hypophosphatasia (also called deficiency of alkaline phosphatase or phosphoethanolaminuria) is a rare, and sometimes fatal, metabolic bone disease. Hypophosphatasia is associated with a molecular defect in the gene encoding tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). TNSALP is an enzyme that is tethered to the outer surface of osteoblasts and chondrocytes. TNSALP hydrolyzes several substances, including inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), a major form of vitamin B6. When TSNALP is low, inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) accumulates outside of cells and inhibits the formation of hydroxyapatite, one of the main components of bone, causing rickets in infants and children and osteomalacia (soft bones) in adults. Vitamin B6 must be dephosphorylated by TNSALP before it can cross the cell membrane. Vitamin B6 deficiency in the brain impairs synthesis of neurotransmitters which can cause seizures. In some cases, a build-up of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in the joints can cause pseudogout.
14000-31-8
C00013
644102
18361
PPI
559142
DB04160
[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O
O7P2
InChI=1S/H4O7P2/c1-8(2,3)7-9(4,5)6/h(H2,1,2,3)(H2,4,5,6)/p-4
XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J
(phosphonooxy)phosphonic acid
173.9433
173.911925378
4
pyrophosphoric acid
0
-3
FDB021918
(4-)diphosphoric acid ion;(p2o74-)diphosphate;Diphosphate;Diphosphoric acid;Ppi;Pyrometaphosphate;Pyrophosphate;Pyrophosphate tetraanion;Pyrophosphate(4-) ion;[o3popo3](4-);Diphosphat;P2o7(4-);Pyrophosphat;Pyrophosphate ion;Phosphonato phosphoric acid;Pyrophosphoric acid;Pyrophosphoric acid ion
PW_C000170
Ppi
12
2
35
4
63
8
429
23
735
32
882
22
1217
3
1620
49
2410
59
2815
29
4175
14
4868
54
5034
89
5252
104
5294
101
5409
117
5424
103
5433
118
5458
120
5548
111
5559
132
5584
133
5606
135
5655
108
5879
107
6239
166
6978
199
7073
188
7134
163
7272
160
7312
198
7318
213
8275
151
8283
210
11869
161
12002
222
12041
164
12315
225
12323
249
12512
288
12579
226
12695
290
15219
306
15375
18
34760
17
42561
315
42697
318
77235
329
77317
128
77635
336
78416
335
78928
331
79153
112
79950
134
79958
130
80047
372
80417
170
85630
1
94786
384
94814
125
94819
382
98678
223
110634
391
113270
395
113275
389
115527
136
115532
399
119934
122
120017
124
120032
406
120330
410
120936
407
121261
429
121341
121
121486
383
122407
422
122985
444
123502
119
123831
464
124044
398
124977
375
125324
297
125395
299
125410
479
125597
484
125656
485
125876
481
126552
491
126869
205
126935
388
126950
501
127337
206
128124
508
120
L-Serine
HMDB0000187
Serine is a nonessential amino acid derived from glycine. Like all the amino acid building blocks of protein and peptides, serine can become essential under certain conditions, and is thus important in maintaining health and preventing disease. Low-average concentration of serine compared to other amino acids is found in muscle. Serine is highly concentrated in all cell membranes. (http://www.dcnutrition.com/AminoAcids/) L-Serine may be derived from four possible sources: dietary intake; biosynthesis from the glycolytic intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate; from glycine ; and by protein and phospholipid degradation. Little data is available on the relative contributions of each of these four sources of l-serine to serine homoeostasis. It is very likely that the predominant source of l-serine will be very different in different tissues and during different stages of human development. In the biosynthetic pathway, the glycolytic intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate is converted into phosphohydroxypyruvate, in a reaction catalyzed by 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (3- PGDH; EC 1.1.1.95). Phosphohydroxypyruvate is metabolized to phosphoserine by phosphohydroxypyruvate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.52) and, finally, phosphoserine is converted into l-serine by phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP; EC 3.1.3.3). In liver tissue, the serine biosynthetic pathway is regulated in response to dietary and hormonal changes. Of the three synthetic enzymes, the properties of 3-PGDH and PSP are the best documented. Hormonal factors such as glucagon and corticosteroids also influence 3-PGDH and PSP activities in interactions dependent upon the diet. L-serine plays a central role in cellular proliferation. L-Serine is the predominant source of one-carbon groups for the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides and deoxythymidine monophosphate. It has long been recognized that, in cell cultures, L-serine is a conditional essential amino acid, because it cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities to meet the cellular demands for its utilization. In recent years, L-serine and the products of its metabolism have been recognized not only to be essential for cell proliferation, but also to be necessary for specific functions in the central nervous system. The findings of altered levels of serine and glycine in patients with psychiatric disorders and the severe neurological abnormalities in patients with defects of L-serine synthesis underscore the importance of L-serine in brain development and function. (PMID 12534373).
56-45-1
C00065
5951
17115
SER
5736
DB00133
N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O
C3H7NO3
InChI=1S/C3H7NO3/c4-2(1-5)3(6)7/h2,5H,1,4H2,(H,6,7)/t2-/m0/s1
MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N
(2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid
105.0926
105.042593095
0.66
3
L-serine
0
0
FDB012739
(-)-serine;(s)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoate;(s)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid;(s)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-propanoate;(s)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-propanoic acid;(s)-serine;(s)-a-amino-b-hydroxypropionate;(s)-a-amino-b-hydroxypropionic acid;(s)-alpha-amino-beta-hydroxypropionate;(s)-alpha-amino-beta-hydroxypropionic acid;(s)-b-amino-3-hydroxypropionate;(s)-b-amino-3-hydroxypropionic acid;(s)-beta-amino-3-hydroxypropionate;(s)-beta-amino-3-hydroxypropionic acid;2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoate;2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid;3-hydroxy-l-alanine;L-(-)-serine;L-3-hydroxy-2-aminopropionate;L-3-hydroxy-2-aminopropionic acid;L-3-hydroxy-alanine;L-ser;Serine;B-hydroxy-l-alanine;Beta-hydroxy-l-alanine;Beta-hydroxyalanine;(2s)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid;(s)-(-)-serine;L-2-amino-3-hydroxypropionic acid;L-serin;S;Ser;(2s)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoate;(s)-α-amino-β-hydroxypropionate;(s)-α-amino-β-hydroxypropionic acid;β-hydroxy-l-alanine;B-hydroxyalanine;β-hydroxyalanine;L-2-amino-3-hydroxypropionate
PW_C000120
Ser
344
8
1810
2
2617
4
5642
107
5643
108
5884
105
6011
147
6907
163
7086
201
7087
202
7090
71
7091
72
7202
160
7438
3
7443
15
7444
166
7522
224
8357
225
9154
249
12173
151
12625
18
15379
49
42335
318
42336
315
77320
111
78088
133
78112
132
79979
331
94858
383
115752
398
119924
122
122056
124
122136
406
122718
135
124667
118
124688
120
125314
297
126209
299
126293
479
126860
205
127771
388
127856
501
490
mRNA
NucleicAcid
NucleicAcid
PW_EC000490
mRNA
26
L-Seryl-tRNA(Ser)
RNA
PW_NA000026
29162
LSTS
3509
2
78116
132
122164
124
124716
118
126322
299
127883
388
133694
8
133808
111
133851
122
133891
135
3268
26
12
8
true
1249
0
14
150
regular
150
70
27
L-Seryl-tRNA
RNA
PW_NA000027
29162
LST
3508
2
78115
132
122163
124
124715
118
126321
299
127882
388
133693
8
133807
111
133850
122
133890
135
612
Serine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
P49591
Catalyzes the attachment of serine to tRNA(Ser). Is also probably able to aminoacylate tRNA(Sec) with serine, to form the misacylated tRNA L-seryl-tRNA(Sec), which will be further converted into selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec).
HMDBP00646
SARS
1p13.3
BC009390
1
6.1.1.11
3500
2
133692
8
8096
60S ribosomal protein L3
P39023
The L3 protein is a component of the large subunit of cytoplasmic ribosomes.
RPL3
1
133190
8
8109
60S ribosomal protein L4
P36578
RPL4
1
133191
8
8111
60S ribosomal protein L5
P46777
Required for rRNA maturation and formation of the 60S ribosomal subunits. This protein binds 5S RNA.
RPL5
1
133192
8
8112
60S ribosomal protein L6
Q02878
Specifically binds to domain C of the Tax-responsive enhancer element in the long terminal repeat of HTLV-I.
RPL6
1
133193
8
8114
60S ribosomal protein L7a
P62424
RPL7A
1
133194
8
8113
60S ribosomal protein L7
P18124
Binds to G-rich structures in 28S rRNA and in mRNAs. Plays a regulatory role in the translation apparatus; inhibits cell-free translation of mRNAs.
RPL7
1
133195
8
8115
60S ribosomal protein L8
P62917
RPL8
1
133196
8
8116
60S ribosomal protein L9
P32969
RPL9
1
133197
8
8077
60S ribosomal protein L10a
P62906
RPL10A
1
133198
8
8076
60S ribosomal protein L10
P27635
RPL10
1
133199
8
8078
60S ribosomal protein L11
P62913
Binds to 5S ribosomal RNA (By similarity). Required for rRNA maturation and formation of the 60S ribosomal subunits. Promotes nucleolar location of PML (By similarity).
RPL11
1
133200
8
8079
60S ribosomal protein L12
P30050
Binds directly to 26S ribosomal RNA.
RPL12
1
133201
8
8081
60S ribosomal protein L13a
P40429
Associated with ribosomes but is not required for canonical ribosome function and has extra-ribosomal functions. Component of the GAIT (gamma interferon-activated inhibitor of translation) complex which mediates interferon-gamma-induced transcript-selective translation inhibition in inflammation processes. Upon interferon-gamma activation and subsequent phosphorylation dissociates from the ribosome and assembles into the GAIT complex which binds to stem loop-containing GAIT elements in the 3'-UTR of diverse inflammatory mRNAs (such as ceruplasmin) and suppresses their translation. In the GAIT complex interacts with m7G cap-bound eIF4G at or near the eIF3-binding site and blocks the recruitment of the 43S ribosomal complex. Involved in methylation of rRNA.
RPL13A
1
133202
8
8080
60S ribosomal protein L13
P26373
RPL13
1
133203
8
8082
60S ribosomal protein L14
P50914
RPL14
1
133204
8
8083
60S ribosomal protein L15
P61313
RPL15
1
133205
8
8084
60S ribosomal protein L17
P18621
RPL17
1
133206
8
8086
60S ribosomal protein L18a
Q02543
RPL18A
1
133207
8
8085
60S ribosomal protein L18
Q07020
RPL18
1
133208
8
8087
60S ribosomal protein L19
P84098
RPL19
1
133209
8
8088
60S ribosomal protein L21
P46778
RPL21
1
133210
8
4811
60S ribosomal protein L22
P35268
HMDBP10729
RPL22
1p36.31
BC035566
1
133211
8
8090
60S ribosomal protein L23a
P62750
This protein binds to a specific region on the 26S rRNA.
RPL23A
1
133212
8
8089
60S ribosomal protein L23
P62829
RPL23
1
133213
8
8091
60S ribosomal protein L24
P83731
RPL24
1
133214
8
8092
60S ribosomal protein L26
P61254
RPL26
1
133215
8
8094
60S ribosomal protein L27a
P46776
RPL27A
1
133216
8
8093
60S ribosomal protein L27
P61353
RPL27
1
133217
8
8095
60S ribosomal protein L28
P46779
RPL28
1
133218
8
4810
60S ribosomal protein L29
P47914
HMDBP10728
RPL29
3p21.3-p21.2
AK311884
1
133219
8
8097
60S ribosomal protein L30
P62888
RPL30
1
133220
8
8098
60S ribosomal protein L31
P62899
RPL31
1
133221
8
8099
60S ribosomal protein L32
P62910
RPL32
1
133222
8
8100
60S ribosomal protein L34
P49207
RPL34
1
133223
8
8102
60S ribosomal protein L35a
P18077
Required for the proliferation and viability of hematopoietic cells. Plays a role in 60S ribosomal subunit formation. The protein was found to bind to both initiator and elongator tRNAs and consequently was assigned to the P site or P and A site.
RPL35A
1
133224
8
8101
60S ribosomal protein L35
P42766
RPL35
1
133225
8
8104
60S ribosomal protein L36a
P83881
RPL36A
1
133226
8
8103
60S ribosomal protein L36
Q9Y3U8
RPL36
1
133227
8
8106
60S ribosomal protein L37a
P61513
RPL37A
1
133228
8
8105
60S ribosomal protein L37
P61927
Binds to the 23S rRNA.
RPL37
1
133229
8
8107
60S ribosomal protein L38
P63173
RPL38
1
133230
8
8108
60S ribosomal protein L39
P62891
RPL39
1
133231
8
8120
Ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40
P62987
Ubiquitin: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, DNA-damage responses as well as in signaling processes leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling.
UBA52
1
133232
8
8110
60S ribosomal protein L41
P62945
Interacts with the beta subunit of protein kinase CKII and stimulates phosphorylation of DNA topoisomerase II alpha by CKII.
RPL41
1
133233
8
8117
60S acidic ribosomal protein P0
P05388
Ribosomal protein P0 is the functional equivalent of E.coli protein L10.
RPLP0
1
133234
8
8118
60S acidic ribosomal protein P1
P05386
Plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis.
RPLP1
1
133235
8
8119
60S acidic ribosomal protein P2
P05387
Plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis.
RPLP2
1
133236
8
8043
40S ribosomal protein S2
P15880
RPS2
1
133237
8
8053
40S ribosomal protein S3
P23396
Involved in translation as a component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit (PubMed:8706699). Has endonuclease activity and plays a role in repair of damaged DNA (PubMed:7775413). Cleaves phosphodiester bonds of DNAs containing altered bases with broad specificity and cleaves supercoiled DNA more efficiently than relaxed DNA (PubMed:15707971). Displays high binding affinity for 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), a common DNA lesion caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) (PubMed:14706345). Has also been shown to bind with similar affinity to intact and damaged DNA (PubMed:18610840). Stimulates the N-glycosylase activity of the base excision protein OGG1 (PubMed:15518571). Enhances the uracil excision activity of UNG1 (PubMed:18973764). Also stimulates the cleavage of the phosphodiester backbone by APEX1 (PubMed:18973764). When located in the mitochondrion, reduces cellular ROS levels and mitochondrial DNA damage (PubMed:23911537). Has also been shown to negatively regulate DNA repair in cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (PubMed:17049931). Plays a role in regulating transcription as part of the NF-kappa-B p65-p50 complex where it binds to the RELA/p65 subunit, enhances binding of the complex to DNA and promotes transcription of target genes (PubMed:18045535). Represses its own translation by binding to its cognate mRNA (PubMed:20217897). Binds to and protects TP53/p53 from MDM2-mediated ubiquitination (PubMed:19656744). Involved in spindle formation and chromosome movement during mitosis by regulating microtubule polymerization (PubMed:23131551). Involved in induction of apoptosis through its role in activation of CASP8 (PubMed:14988002). Induces neuronal apoptosis by interacting with the E2F1 transcription factor and acting synergistically with it to up-regulate pro-apoptotic proteins BCL2L11/BIM and HRK/Dp5 (PubMed:20605787). Interacts with TRADD following exposure to UV radiation and induces apoptosis by caspase-dependent JNK activation (PubMed:22510408).
RPS3
1
4.2.99.18
133238
8
8054
40S ribosomal protein S3a
P61247
May play a role during erythropoiesis through regulation of transcription factor DDIT3.
RPS3A
1
133239
8
8055
40S ribosomal protein S4, X isoform
P62701
RPS4X
1
133240
8
8056
40S ribosomal protein S5
P46782
RPS5
1
133241
8
8057
40S ribosomal protein S6
P62753
May play an important role in controlling cell growth and proliferation through the selective translation of particular classes of mRNA.
RPS6
1
133242
8
8058
40S ribosomal protein S7
P62081
Required for rRNA maturation.
RPS7
1
133243
8
8059
40S ribosomal protein S8
P62241
RPS8
1
133244
8
8060
40S ribosomal protein S9
P46781
RPS9
1
133245
8
8032
40S ribosomal protein S10
P46783
Component of the 40S ribosomal subunit.
RPS10
1
133246
8
8033
40S ribosomal protein S11
P62280
RPS11
1
133247
8
8034
40S ribosomal protein S12
P25398
RPS12
1
133248
8
8035
40S ribosomal protein S13
P62277
RPS13
1
133249
8
8036
40S ribosomal protein S14
P62263
RPS14
1
133250
8
8037
40S ribosomal protein S15
P62841
RPS15
1
133251
8
8038
40S ribosomal protein S15a
P62244
RPS15A
1
133252
8
8039
40S ribosomal protein S16
P62249
RPS16
1
133253
8
8040
40S ribosomal protein S17
P08708
RPS17
1
133254
8
8041
40S ribosomal protein S18
P62269
Located at the top of the head of the 40S subunit, it contacts several helices of the 18S rRNA.
RPS18
1
133255
8
8042
40S ribosomal protein S19
P39019
Required for pre-rRNA processing and maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits.
RPS19
1
133256
8
8044
40S ribosomal protein S20
P60866
RPS20
1
133257
8
8045
40S ribosomal protein S21
P63220
RPS21
1
133258
8
8046
40S ribosomal protein S23
P62266
RPS23
1
133259
8
8047
40S ribosomal protein S24
P62847
Required for processing of pre-rRNA and maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits.
RPS24
1
133260
8
8048
40S ribosomal protein S25
P62851
RPS25
1
133261
8
8049
40S ribosomal protein S26
P62854
RPS26
1
133262
8
3391
40S ribosomal protein S27
P42677
HMDBP08171
RPS27
1q21
CH471121
1
133263
8
8051
40S ribosomal protein S28
P62857
RPS28
1
133264
8
8052
40S ribosomal protein S29
P62273
RPS29
1
133265
8
8031
40S ribosomal protein S30
P62861
FAU
1
133266
8
8061
40S ribosomal protein SA
P08865
Required for the assembly and/or stability of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits. Also functions as a cell surface receptor for laminin. Plays a role in cell adhesion to the basement membrane and in the consequent activation of signaling transduction pathways. May play a role in cell fate determination and tissue morphogenesis. Acts as a PPP1R16B-dependent substrate of PPP1CA. Also acts as a receptor for several other ligands, including the pathogenic prion protein, viruses, and bacteria.
RPSA
1
133267
8
8840
Receptor of activated protein C kinase 1
P63244
Scaffolding protein involved in the recruitment, assembly and/or regulation of a variety of signaling molecules. Interacts with a wide variety of proteins and plays a role in many cellular processes. Component of the 40S ribosomal subunit involved in translational repression (PubMed:23636399). Involved in the initiation of the ribosome quality control (RQC), a pathway that takes place when a ribosome has stalled during translation, by promoting ubiquitination of a subset of 40S ribosomal subunits (PubMed:28132843). Binds to and stabilizes activated protein kinase C (PKC), increasing PKC-mediated phosphorylation. May recruit activated PKC to the ribosome, leading to phosphorylation of EIF6. Inhibits the activity of SRC kinases including SRC, LCK and YES1. Inhibits cell growth by prolonging the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Enhances phosphorylation of BMAL1 by PRKCA and inhibits transcriptional activity of the BMAL1-CLOCK heterodimer. Facilitates ligand-independent nuclear translocation of AR following PKC activation, represses AR transactivation activity and is required for phosphorylation of AR by SRC. Modulates IGF1R-dependent integrin signaling and promotes cell spreading and contact with the extracellular matrix. Involved in PKC-dependent translocation of ADAM12 to the cell membrane. Promotes the ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of proteins such as CLEC1B and HIF1A. Required for VANGL2 membrane localization, inhibits Wnt signaling, and regulates cellular polarization and oriented cell division during gastrulation. Required for PTK2/FAK1 phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Regulates internalization of the muscarinic receptor CHRM2. Promotes apoptosis by increasing oligomerization of BAX and disrupting the interaction of BAX with the anti-apoptotic factor BCL2L. Inhibits TRPM6 channel activity. Regulates cell surface expression of some GPCRs such as TBXA2R. Plays a role in regulation of FLT1-mediated cell migration. Involved in the transport of ABCB4 from the Golgi to the apical bile canalicular membrane (PubMed:19674157). Promotes migration of breast carcinoma cells by binding to and activating RHOA (PubMed:20499158).
RACK1
1
133268
8
596
Serine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial
Q9NP81
Catalyzes the attachment of serine to tRNA(Ser). Is also able to aminoacylate tRNA(Sec) with serine, to form the misacylated tRNA L-seryl-tRNA(Sec), which will be further converted into selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) (By similarity).
HMDBP00629
SARS2
19q13.2
AK000457
1
6.1.1.11
11001
Large 60S Ribosomal Subunit
1
PW_P011001
19588
8096
20243
8109
20244
8111
20252
8112
20253
8114
20254
8113
20255
8115
20256
8116
20257
8077
20258
8076
20259
8078
20260
8079
20261
8081
20262
8080
20263
8082
20264
8083
20265
8084
20266
8086
20267
8085
20268
8087
20269
8088
20281
4811
20282
8090
20283
8089
20287
8091
20289
8092
20290
8094
20306
8093
20307
8095
20308
4810
20309
8097
20310
8098
20311
8099
20312
8100
20313
8102
20314
8101
20315
8104
20316
8103
20317
8106
20318
8105
20333
8107
20334
8108
20335
8120
20336
8110
20337
8117
20338
8118
20339
8119
11454
Small 40S Ribosomal Subunit
1
PW_P011454
20347
8043
20349
8053
20350
8054
20351
8055
20352
8056
20353
8057
20354
8058
20355
8059
20356
8060
20357
8032
20358
8033
20359
8034
20360
8035
20361
8036
20362
8037
20363
8038
20395
8039
20396
8040
20397
8041
20398
8042
20399
8044
20400
8045
20401
8046
20402
8047
20403
8048
20404
8049
20405
3391
20406
8051
20407
8052
20408
8031
20409
8061
20410
8840
850
Serine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
1
PW_P000850
975
612
2
11485
Serine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial
1
PW_P011485
20479
596
2
133691
3
1790
false
PW_R001790
Right
6699
120
1
Compound
false
6700
414
1
Compound
true
6701
27
1
NucleicAcid
true
6702
32
1
Compound
true
6703
26
1
NucleicAcid
false
6704
170
1
Compound
true
1526
850
6.1.1.11
168802
11485
6.1.1.11
178700
PW_R178700
Right
674427
26
1
NucleicAcid
false
674428
222
1
Bound
false
674429
240
1
Bound
false
1186
222
8
112687
435
13225
3606182
1660
790233
3606183
1661
790234
3606184
1187
240
8
112687
436
13226
3606186
35
3268
3606187
1662
790235
3606188
1663
790236
3606189
2649667
414
8
42
false
335
702
10
regular
50
30
2649669
32
8
44
false
645
700
10
regular
50
30
2649670
170
8
45
false
638
465
10
regular
63
43
2649672
120
8
3
false
295
413
10
regular
100
100
13225
490
37
8
true
769
0
12
regular
100
90
13226
490
37
8
true
1159
0
12
regular
100
90
3266
27
96
8
false
225
578
14
120
nucleic_acid
regular
120
115
3267
26
96
8
false
689
580
14
120
nucleic_acid
regular
120
115
3268
26
12
8
true
1249
0
14
150
regular
150
70
914706
8096
8
2
true
629
0
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914707
8109
8
2
true
629
60
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914708
8111
8
2
true
629
120
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914709
8112
8
2
true
629
180
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914710
8114
8
2
true
629
240
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914711
8113
8
2
true
629
300
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914712
8115
8
2
true
629
360
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914713
8116
8
2
true
629
420
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914714
8077
8
2
true
629
480
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914715
8076
8
2
true
629
540
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914716
8078
8
2
true
629
600
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914717
8079
8
2
true
629
660
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914718
8081
8
2
true
629
720
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914719
8080
8
2
true
629
780
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914720
8082
8
2
true
629
840
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914721
8083
8
2
true
629
900
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914722
8084
8
2
true
629
960
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914723
8086
8
2
true
629
1020
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914724
8085
8
2
true
629
1080
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914725
8087
8
2
true
629
1140
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914726
8088
8
2
true
629
1200
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914727
4811
8
2
true
629
1260
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914728
8090
8
2
true
629
1320
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914729
8089
8
2
true
629
1380
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914730
8091
8
2
true
629
1440
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914731
8092
8
2
true
629
1500
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914732
8094
8
2
true
629
1560
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914733
8093
8
2
true
629
1620
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914734
8095
8
2
true
629
1680
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914735
4810
8
2
true
629
1740
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914736
8097
8
2
true
629
1800
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914737
8098
8
2
true
629
1860
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914738
8099
8
2
true
629
1920
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914739
8100
8
2
true
629
1980
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914740
8102
8
2
true
629
2040
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914741
8101
8
2
true
629
2100
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914742
8104
8
2
true
629
2160
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914743
8103
8
2
true
629
2220
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914744
8106
8
2
true
629
2280
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914745
8105
8
2
true
629
2340
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914746
8107
8
2
true
629
2400
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914747
8108
8
2
true
629
2460
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914748
8120
8
2
true
629
2520
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914749
8110
8
2
true
629
2580
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914750
8117
8
2
true
629
2640
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914751
8118
8
2
true
629
2700
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914752
8119
8
2
true
629
2760
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914753
8043
8
2
true
629
2820
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914754
8053
8
2
true
629
2880
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914755
8054
8
2
true
629
2940
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914756
8055
8
2
true
629
3000
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914757
8056
8
2
true
629
3060
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914758
8057
8
2
true
629
3120
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914759
8058
8
2
true
629
3180
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914760
8059
8
2
true
629
3240
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914761
8060
8
2
true
629
3300
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914762
8032
8
2
true
629
3360
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914763
8033
8
2
true
629
3420
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914764
8034
8
2
true
629
3480
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914765
8035
8
2
true
629
3540
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914766
8036
8
2
true
629
3600
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914767
8037
8
2
true
629
3660
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914768
8038
8
2
true
629
3720
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914769
8039
8
2
true
629
3780
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914770
8040
8
2
true
629
3840
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914771
8041
8
2
true
629
3900
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914772
8042
8
2
true
629
3960
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914773
8044
8
2
true
629
4020
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914774
8045
8
2
true
629
4080
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914775
8046
8
2
true
629
4140
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914776
8047
8
2
true
629
4200
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914777
8048
8
2
true
629
4260
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914778
8049
8
2
true
629
4320
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914779
3391
8
2
true
629
4380
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914780
8051
8
2
true
629
4440
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914781
8052
8
2
true
629
4500
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914782
8031
8
2
true
629
4560
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914783
8061
8
2
true
629
4620
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914784
8840
8
2
true
629
4680
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914785
8096
8
188
false
1030
596
2
none
regular
300
140
914786
8109
8
2
true
1019
60
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914787
8111
8
2
true
1019
120
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914788
8112
8
2
true
1019
180
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914789
8114
8
2
true
1019
240
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914790
8113
8
2
true
1019
300
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914791
8115
8
2
true
1019
360
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914792
8116
8
2
true
1019
420
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914793
8077
8
2
true
1019
480
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914794
8076
8
2
true
1019
540
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914795
8078
8
2
true
1019
600
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914796
8079
8
2
true
1019
660
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914797
8081
8
2
true
1019
720
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914798
8080
8
2
true
1019
780
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914799
8082
8
2
true
1019
840
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914800
8083
8
2
true
1019
900
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914801
8084
8
2
true
1019
960
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914802
8086
8
2
true
1019
1020
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914803
8085
8
2
true
1019
1080
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914804
8087
8
2
true
1019
1140
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914805
8088
8
2
true
1019
1200
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914806
4811
8
2
true
1019
1260
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914807
8090
8
2
true
1019
1320
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914808
8089
8
2
true
1019
1380
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914809
8091
8
2
true
1019
1440
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914810
8092
8
2
true
1019
1500
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914811
8094
8
2
true
1019
1560
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914812
8093
8
2
true
1019
1620
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914813
8095
8
2
true
1019
1680
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914814
4810
8
2
true
1019
1740
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914815
8097
8
2
true
1019
1800
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914816
8098
8
2
true
1019
1860
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914817
8099
8
2
true
1019
1920
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914818
8100
8
2
true
1019
1980
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914819
8102
8
2
true
1019
2040
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914820
8101
8
2
true
1019
2100
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914821
8104
8
2
true
1019
2160
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914822
8103
8
2
true
1019
2220
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914823
8106
8
2
true
1019
2280
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914824
8105
8
2
true
1019
2340
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914825
8107
8
2
true
1019
2400
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914826
8108
8
2
true
1019
2460
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914827
8120
8
2
true
1019
2520
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914828
8110
8
2
true
1019
2580
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914829
8117
8
2
true
1019
2640
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914830
8118
8
2
true
1019
2700
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914831
8119
8
2
true
1019
2760
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914832
8043
8
186
false
1050
766
2
none
regular
150
70
914833
8053
8
186
false
1175
766
2
none
regular
150
70
914834
8054
8
2
true
1019
2940
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914835
8055
8
2
true
1019
3000
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914836
8056
8
2
true
1019
3060
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914837
8057
8
2
true
1019
3120
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914838
8058
8
2
true
1019
3180
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914839
8059
8
2
true
1019
3240
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914840
8060
8
2
true
1019
3300
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914841
8032
8
2
true
1019
3360
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914842
8033
8
2
true
1019
3420
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914843
8034
8
2
true
1019
3480
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914844
8035
8
2
true
1019
3540
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914845
8036
8
2
true
1019
3600
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914846
8037
8
2
true
1019
3660
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914847
8038
8
2
true
1019
3720
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914848
8039
8
2
true
1019
3780
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914849
8040
8
2
true
1019
3840
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914850
8041
8
2
true
1019
3900
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914851
8042
8
2
true
1019
3960
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914852
8044
8
2
true
1019
4020
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914853
8045
8
2
true
1019
4080
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914854
8046
8
2
true
1019
4140
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914855
8047
8
2
true
1019
4200
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914856
8048
8
2
true
1019
4260
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914857
8049
8
2
true
1019
4320
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914858
3391
8
2
true
1019
4380
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914859
8051
8
2
true
1019
4440
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914860
8052
8
2
true
1019
4500
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914861
8031
8
2
true
1019
4560
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914862
8061
8
2
true
1019
4620
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914863
8840
8
2
true
1019
4680
8
subunit
regular
150
70
914705
612
8
6
false
442
567
8
subunit
regular
160
80
790233
11001
112687
8
911220
914706
911221
914707
911222
914708
911223
914709
911224
914710
911225
914711
911226
914712
911227
914713
911228
914714
911229
914715
911230
914716
911231
914717
911232
914718
911233
914719
911234
914720
911235
914721
911236
914722
911237
914723
911238
914724
911239
914725
911240
914726
911241
914727
911242
914728
911243
914729
911244
914730
911245
914731
911246
914732
911247
914733
911248
914734
911249
914735
911250
914736
911251
914737
911252
914738
911253
914739
911254
914740
911255
914741
911256
914742
911257
914743
911258
914744
911259
914745
911260
914746
911261
914747
911262
914748
911263
914749
911264
914750
911265
914751
911266
914752
790234
11454
112687
8
911267
914753
911268
914754
911269
914755
911270
914756
911271
914757
911272
914758
911273
914759
911274
914760
911275
914761
911276
914762
911277
914763
911278
914764
911279
914765
911280
914766
911281
914767
911282
914768
911283
914769
911284
914770
911285
914771
911286
914772
911287
914773
911288
914774
911289
914775
911290
914776
911291
914777
911292
914778
911293
914779
911294
914780
911295
914781
911296
914782
911297
914783
911298
914784
790235
11001
112687
8
911299
914785
911300
914786
911301
914787
911302
914788
911303
914789
911304
914790
911305
914791
911306
914792
911307
914793
911308
914794
911309
914795
911310
914796
911311
914797
911312
914798
911313
914799
911314
914800
911315
914801
911316
914802
911317
914803
911318
914804
911319
914805
911320
914806
911321
914807
911322
914808
911323
914809
911324
914810
911325
914811
911326
914812
911327
914813
911328
914814
911329
914815
911330
914816
911331
914817
911332
914818
911333
914819
911334
914820
911335
914821
911336
914822
911337
914823
911338
914824
911339
914825
911340
914826
911341
914827
911342
914828
911343
914829
911344
914830
911345
914831
790236
11454
112687
8
911346
914832
911347
914833
911348
914834
911349
914835
911350
914836
911351
914837
911352
914838
911353
914839
911354
914840
911355
914841
911356
914842
911357
914843
911358
914844
911359
914845
911360
914846
911361
914847
911362
914848
911363
914849
911364
914850
911365
914851
911366
914852
911367
914853
911368
914854
911369
914855
911370
914856
911371
914857
911372
914858
911373
914859
911374
914860
911375
914861
911376
914862
911377
914863
790232
850
112687
8
911219
914705
3606174
M345 413 C345 383 345 343 345 313
5
false
18
true
M 42.5 230.00961894323342 L 50 243 L 57.5 230.00961894323342
false
3606175
M395 463 C394 548 412 607 442 607
5
false
18
3606176
M385 717 C387 658 412 607 442 607
5
false
18
3606177
M645 715 C645 662 632 607 602 607
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 165.26155629629605 L 11 164 L 17.380887721185843 177.57513432307834
false
3606178
M638 486.5 C638 545.5 632 607 602 607
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 165.26155629629605 L 11 164 L 17.380887721185843 177.57513432307834
false
3606179
M340 608 C370 608 412 607 442 607
5
false
18
3606180
M694 610 C664 610 632 607 602 607
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 165.26155629629605 L 11 164 L 17.380887721185843 177.57513432307834
false
3606181
M805 609 C918 649 969 670 1149 740
5
false
18
true
M 888.9749045598433 581.96644186147 L 901 573 L 887.2222858463324 567.0691827966269
false
3606182
M764 -5 L764 45 L814 -5 z
10
true
18
3606183
M166 453 L166 503 L216 453 z
10
true
18
3606184
M166 3273 L166 3323 L216 3273 z
10
true
18
3606185
M869 50 C899 50 949 -588.75 979 -588.75
5
true
18
3606186
M1154 -5 L1154 45 L1204 -5 z
10
true
18
3606187
M1244 -5 L1244 45 L1294 -5 z
10
true
18
3606188
M166 843 L166 893 L216 843 z
10
true
18
3606189
M166 3663 L166 3713 L216 3663 z
10
true
18
3606190
M1249 35 C1219 35 1009 -588.75 979 -588.75
5
true
18
true
M 196.94685504416483 381.261556296296 L 182 380 L 188.38088772118584 393.5751343230783
false
788432
112687
1790
8
3192352
2649672
3606175
Left
3192353
2649667
3606176
Left
3192354
2649669
3606177
Right
3192355
2649670
3606178
Right
1183
3266
3606179
Left
1184
3267
3606180
Right
745186
1526
790232
788433
112687
178700
8
808
1186
3606185
Left
809
1187
3606190
Right
1185
3267
3606181
Left
107390
107819
112687
14
false
270
243
16
regular
104156
2649672
3606174
Right
184504
685
172
0.4
0.4
0
1
42
1785
1645
367977
M128 226.5 C128 176.5 178 126.5 228 126.5 C576 126.5 1028 126.5 1376 126.5 C1426 126.5 1476 176.5 1476 226.5 C1476 419.5 1476 669.5 1476 862.5 C1476 912.5 1426 962.5 1376 962.5 C1028 962.5 576 962.5 228 962.5 C178 962.5 128 912.5 128 862.5 C128 669.5 128 419.5 128 226.5
1
true
6
0.0
0.0
445951
15
mRNA
595
746
20
1.3
1.3
160
15
445952
15
Polypeptide Chain
885
442
20
1.3
1.3
160
15
445953
235
Translation
1021
799
20
1.6
1.6
200
15
445954
15
Ribosome
1242
580
20
1.3
1.3
160
15
445955
15
Cytoplasm
1207
173
20
1.3
1.3
160
15