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Protein kinase
A
Protein kinase
A
Protein kinase
A
Protein kinase
A
Protein kinase
A
Protein kinase
A
Protein kinase
A
D(2) dopamine
receptor
Adenylate
cyclase type 2
Guanine
nucleotide-
binding protein
alpha
Guanine
nucleotide-
binding protein
G(i) subunit
alpha-1
Synaptic
vesicular amine
transporter
Voltage-
dependent
calcium channel
subunit
alpha-2/delta-1
Voltage-
dependent
calcium channel
subunit
alpha-2/delta-2
Voltage-
dependent
N-type calcium
channel subunit
alpha-1B
Sodium-
dependent
dopamine
transporter
Aromatic-L-
amino-acid
decarboxylase
cAMP
Ca
+
Dopamine
Dopamine
Dopamine
Ca
+
L-Dopa
L-Dopa
L-Dopa
CO
2
ATP
PP
i
Na
+
Na
+
Pyridoxal
5'-phosphate
Neuronal
Excitability
Magnesium
Activation of D2 dopamine
receptors activates the Gi
signalling cascade which
leads to increased cAMP.
Presynaptic Neuron
Cytosol
Synaptic Vesicle
Postsynaptic Neuron
Cytosol
Dopamine is produced in the
Ventral Tegmental Area of
the brain
Synapse
Blood Brain Barrier
Brain
Levodopa is taken orally and
absorbed from the
gastrointestinal tract.
Diffusion
Levodopa diffuses across the
blood-brain barrier and into
the neuron where it is
converted into Dopamine.
L-Dopa causes a higher
concentration of dopamine in
the synapse in the brain,
activating dopamine
receptors more.
PRKAR2B
PRKACA
PRKACB
PRKAR1A
PRKACG
PRKAR1B
PRKAR2A
DRD2
ADCY2
GNAS
GNAI1
SLC18A2
CACNA2D1
CACNA2D2
CACNA1B
SLC6A3
DDC
cAMP
Calcium
Dopamine
Dopamine
Dopamine
Calcium
L-Dopa
L-Dopa
L-Dopa
Carbon dioxide
Adenosine
triphosphate
Pyrophosphate
Sodium
Sodium
Neuronal
Excitability
PRKAR2B
PRKACA
PRKACB
PRKAR1A
PRKACG
PRKAR1B
PRKAR2A
DRD2
ADCY2
GNAS
GNAI1
SLC18A2
CACNA2D1
CACNA2D2
CACNA1B
SLC6A3
DDC
cAMP
Ca
+
LDP
LDP
LDP
Ca
+
L-Dopa
L-Dopa
L-Dopa
CO
2
ATP
PP
i
Na
+
Na
+
Pyr-5'P
Neu Exc
Mg2+
Activation of D2 dopamine
receptors activates the Gi
signalling cascade which
leads to increased cAMP.
Presynaptic Neuron
Cytosol
Synaptic Vesicle
Postsynaptic Neuron
Cytosol
Dopamine is produced in the
Ventral Tegmental Area of
the brain
Synapse
Blood Brain Barrier
Brain
Levodopa is taken orally and
absorbed from the
gastrointestinal tract.
Diffusion
Levodopa diffuses across the
blood-brain barrier and into
the neuron where it is
converted into Dopamine.
L-Dopa causes a higher
concentration of dopamine in
the synapse in the brain,
activating dopamine
receptors more.
PRKAR2B
PRKACA
PRKACB
PRKAR1A
PRKACG
PRKAR1B
PRKAR2A
DRD2
ADCY2
GNAS
GNAI1
SLC18A2
CACNA2D1
CACNA2D2
CACNA1B
SLC6A3
DDC
cAMP
Ca2+
LDP
LDP
LDP
Ca2+
L-Dopa
L-Dopa
L-Dopa
CO2
ATP
Ppi
Na+
Na+
Neu Exc