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Since no action potential arrives to the nerve terminal, calcium entry does not occur and neurotransmitters like glutamate are not released from synaptic vesicles into the synapse. Glutamate receptor 1 Glutamate receptor 2 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit zeta-1 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-4 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3B Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2 Kv channel- interacting protein 2 Voltage- dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A Voltage- dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 Voltage- dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 Voltage- dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H Voltage- dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G Glutamate Tocainide K+ K+ Ca+ Ca+ Glutamate Na+ Na+ Ca+ Ca+ Ca+ Ca+ Na+ Na+ Tocainide Tocainide Depolarization axon width = 9 Presynaptic Neuron Post-synaptic Neuron Tocainide blocks the channel, preventing the entry of sodium into the neuron. Membrane Potential (mV) 0 40 -70 Hyperpolarization Repolarization Peak action potential Resting potential The depolarization phase of the action potential is inhibited, therefore, the action potential cannot be geenrated. ACTION POTENTIAL Time (ms) The post-synaptic neuron is unable to depolarize due to the inhibition of neurotransmitter release. Synaptic Vesicle Tocainide is administered as an oral tablet
Mitochondria GRIA1 GRIA2 GRIN2A GRIN1 GRIN2C GRIN2B GRIN2D GRIN3A GRIN3B SCN5A KCND2 KCNIP2 CACNA1A CACNB1 CACNA2D2 CACNA1H CACNA1G Glutamate Tocainide Potassium Potassium Calcium Calcium Glutamate Sodium Sodium Calcium Calcium Calcium Calcium Sodium Sodium Tocainide Tocainide
Since no action potential arrives to the nerve terminal, calcium entry does not occur and neurotransmitters like glutamate are not released from synaptic vesicles into the synapse. GRIA1 GRIA2 GRIN2A GRIN1 GRIN2C GRIN2B GRIN2D GRIN3A GRIN3B SCN5A KCND2 KCNIP2 CACNA1A CACNB1 CACNA2D2 CACNA1H CACNA1G Gluta Tocande K+ K+ Ca+ Ca+ Gluta Na+ Na+ Ca+ Ca+ Ca+ Ca+ Na+ Na+ Tocande Tocande Depolarization axon width = 9 Presynaptic Neuron Post-synaptic Neuron Tocainide blocks the channel, preventing the entry of sodium into the neuron. Membrane Potential (mV) 0 40 -70 Hyperpolarization Repolarization Peak action potential Resting potential The depolarization phase of the action potential is inhibited, therefore, the action potential cannot be geenrated. ACTION POTENTIAL Time (ms) The post-synaptic neuron is unable to depolarize due to the inhibition of neurotransmitter release. Synaptic Vesicle Tocainide is administered as an oral tablet
Mitochondria GRIA1 GRIA2 GRIN2A GRIN1 GRIN2C GRIN2B GRIN2D GRIN3A GRIN3B SCN5A KCND2 KCNIP2 CACNA1A CACNB1 CACNA2D2 CACNA1H CACNA1G Gluta Tocande K+ K+ Ca2+ Ca2+ Gluta Na+ Na+ Ca2+ Ca2+ Ca2+ Ca2+ Na+ Na+ Tocande Tocande