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Gamma-
aminobutyric
acid type B
receptor
Voltage-
dependent
T-type calcium
channel subunit
alpha-1H
Voltage-
dependent
T-type calcium
channel subunit
alpha-1G
Adenylate
cyclase type 1
Vesicular
inhibitory
amino acid
transporter
Voltage-
dependent
P/Q-type
calcium channel
subunit
alpha-1A
Glutamate
decarboxylase 1
γ-Aminobutyric acid
cAMP
γ-Aminobutyric acid
Ca
+
Ethosuximide
L-Glutamic acid
γ-Aminobutyric acid
Ca
+
Ca
+
Ca
+
Ethosuximide
Ethosuximide
CO
2
ATP
PP
i
Magnesium
Pyridoxal
5'-phosphate
Gi/o signalling
Glutamate
Metabolism
Hyperpolarization
Hyperpolarization leading to
reduced depolarization and
excitability
Presynaptic Neuron
Post Synaptic Neuron
Synaptic Vesicle
Cytosol
Cytosol
Synapse
Ethosuximide binds to T-type
calcium channels and
inhibits calcium influx, it
targets the alpha-1G subunit
specifically
Hyperpolarization prevents
absence seizures
GABA release is inhibited
due to mutations of the
SCN1A, SCN1B gene causing
enhanced reuptake
Ethosuximide is administered
as an oral capsule or syrup
GABBR2
CACNA1H
CACNA1G
ADCY1
SLC32A1
CACNA1A
GAD1
γ-Aminobutyric
acid
cAMP
γ-Aminobutyric
acid
Calcium
Ethosuximide
L-Glutamic acid
γ-Aminobutyric
acid
Calcium
Calcium
Calcium
Ethosuximide
Ethosuximide
Carbon dioxide
Adenosine
triphosphate
Pyrophosphate
Gi/o signalling
Glutamate
Metabolism
Hyperpolarization
GABBR2
CACNA1H
CACNA1G
ADCY1
SLC32A1
CACNA1A
GAD1
GABA
cAMP
GABA
Ca
+
Ethosux
Glu
GABA
Ca
+
Ca
+
Ca
+
Ethosux
Ethosux
CO
2
ATP
PP
i
Mg2+
Pyr-5'P
Gi/ sig
PW000003
Hyper
Hyperpolarization leading to
reduced depolarization and
excitability
Presynaptic Neuron
Post Synaptic Neuron
Synaptic Vesicle
Cytosol
Cytosol
Synapse
Ethosuximide binds to T-type
calcium channels and
inhibits calcium influx, it
targets the alpha-1G subunit
specifically
Hyperpolarization prevents
absence seizures
GABA release is inhibited
due to mutations of the
SCN1A, SCN1B gene causing
enhanced reuptake
Ethosuximide is administered
as an oral capsule or syrup