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Voltage- dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A Voltage- dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 Ryanodine receptor 2 Tropomyosin alpha-1 chain Tropomyosin beta chain Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3 Kv channel- interacting protein 2 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 2 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 Putative Dol-P- Glc:Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)- PP-Dol alpha-1,2- glucosyltransferase Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1 ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9 Inward rectifier potassium channel 2 Inward rectifier potassium channel 4 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5 Disks large homolog 1 G protein- activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 G protein- activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4 Potassium channel subfamily K member 1 Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization- activated cyclic nucleotide- gated channel 4 Voltage- dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H Voltage- dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha Voltage- dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 cAMP Ca+ Verapamil Ca+ Ca+ Ca+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ Na+ Na+ K+ Na+ Na+ Verapamil cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit Troponin Troponin Muscle Contraction Ca+ T-tubule Cardiomyocyte By slowing depolarization, the cell cannot effectively propagate an action potential and electrical signals for ventricular contractions are slowed Low calcium levels means calcium is not readily available to bind to troponin, which as a result blocks muscle contraction from occurring Actin Myosin Actin unbinds from myosin resulting in the filaments to slide and smooth muscle relaxation to occur Verapamil blocks L-type calcium channels blocking the entry of calcium and reducing the current needed for depolarization. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Verapamil is taken intravenously
CACNA1A CACNB1 RYR2 TPM1 TPM2 KCND3 KCNIP2 KCNE2 KCNH2 ALG10B KCNQ1 KCNE1 ABCC8 KCNJ8 KCNJ11 Unknown KCNJ2 KCNJ4 Unknown Unknown KCNJ3 KCNJ5 KCNK1 HCN4 CACNA1H CACNA1G SCN5A PRKACA CACNA2D2 cAMP Calcium Verapamil Calcium Calcium Calcium Potassium Potassium Potassium Potassium Potassium Potassium Potassium Potassium Potassium Sodium Sodium Potassium Sodium Sodium Verapamil PRKAR1A Troponin Troponin Muscle Contraction Calcium