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Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A Vesicular glutamate transporter 3 Voltage- dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial L-Glutamic acid Ca+ L-Glutamic acid Methadone L-Glutamine Ca+ Ca+ L-Glutamic acid Ca+ Methadone Methadone H2O NH3 Glutamate Metabolism Hyperpolarization Cytosol Methadone binds to the Glutamate NMDA receptor which prevents Glutamate from binding and activating the receptor. This prevents depolarization Postsynaptic Neuron The low concentration of calcium in the postsynaptic neuron causes hyperpolarization, which increases the membrane potential threshold, preventing depolarization Presynaptic Neuron Cytosol Glutamate can be synthesized in the neuron or often is synthesized in adjacent glial cells Glutamate would bind to the subunit epsilon-2 receptor, however due to the antagonism of methadone, glutamate is unable to bind in order to open the calcium channel so calcium is unable to enter the neuron Synaptic Vesicle Synapse Blood-Brain Barrier Diffusion
GRIN2A GRIN2B GRIN3A SLC17A8 CACNA1A GLS L-Glutamic acid Calcium L-Glutamic acid Methadone L-Glutamine Calcium Calcium L-Glutamic acid Calcium Methadone Methadone Water Ammonia Glutamate Metabolism Hyperpolarization
GRIN2A GRIN2B GRIN3A SLC17A8 CACNA1A GLS Glu Ca+ Glu Methado Gln Ca+ Ca+ Glu Ca+ Methado Methado H2O NH3 PW000003 Hyper Cytosol Methadone binds to the Glutamate NMDA receptor which prevents Glutamate from binding and activating the receptor. This prevents depolarization Postsynaptic Neuron The low concentration of calcium in the postsynaptic neuron causes hyperpolarization, which increases the membrane potential threshold, preventing depolarization Presynaptic Neuron Cytosol Glutamate can be synthesized in the neuron or often is synthesized in adjacent glial cells Glutamate would bind to the subunit epsilon-2 receptor, however due to the antagonism of methadone, glutamate is unable to bind in order to open the calcium channel so calcium is unable to enter the neuron Synaptic Vesicle Synapse Blood-Brain Barrier Diffusion
GRIN2A GRIN2B GRIN3A SLC17A8 CACNA1A GLS Glu Ca2+ Glu Methado Gln Ca2+ Ca2+ Glu Ca2+ Methado Methado H2O NH3 PW000003 Hyper