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Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A Vesicular glutamate transporter 3 Voltage- dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2 L-Glutamic acid Ca+ L-Glutamic acid Orphenadrine L-Glutamine Ca+ Ca+ L-Glutamic acid Ca+ Orphenadrine Orphenadrine H2O NH3 Glutamate Metabolism Hyperpolarization Cytosol Orphenadrine binds to the Glutamate NMDA receptor subunit 2 which prevents Glutamate from binding and activating the receptor. This prevents depolarization Postsynaptic Neuron The low concentration of calcium in the postsynaptic neuron causes hyperpolarization, which increases the membrane potential threshold, preventing depolarization Presynaptic Neuron Cytosol Glutamate can be synthesized in the neuron or often is synthesized in adjacent glial cells Glutamate would bind to the subunit epsilon-2 receptor, however due to the antagonism by Orphenadrine, glutamate is unable to bind in order to open the calcium channel so calcium is unable to enter the neuron Synaptic Vesicle Synapse Blood-Brain Barrier Diffusion
GRIN2A GRIN3A SLC17A8 CACNA1A GLS GRIN2B L-Glutamic acid Calcium L-Glutamic acid Orphenadrine L-Glutamine Calcium Calcium L-Glutamic acid Calcium Orphenadrine Orphenadrine Water Ammonia Glutamate Metabolism Hyperpolarization
GRIN2A GRIN3A SLC17A8 CACNA1A GLS GRIN2B Glu Ca+ Glu orphen Gln Ca+ Ca+ Glu Ca+ orphen orphen H2O NH3 PW000003 Hyper Cytosol Orphenadrine binds to the Glutamate NMDA receptor subunit 2 which prevents Glutamate from binding and activating the receptor. This prevents depolarization Postsynaptic Neuron The low concentration of calcium in the postsynaptic neuron causes hyperpolarization, which increases the membrane potential threshold, preventing depolarization Presynaptic Neuron Cytosol Glutamate can be synthesized in the neuron or often is synthesized in adjacent glial cells Glutamate would bind to the subunit epsilon-2 receptor, however due to the antagonism by Orphenadrine, glutamate is unable to bind in order to open the calcium channel so calcium is unable to enter the neuron Synaptic Vesicle Synapse Blood-Brain Barrier Diffusion
GRIN2A GRIN3A SLC17A8 CACNA1A GLS GRIN2B Glu Ca2+ Glu orphen Gln Ca2+ Ca2+ Glu Ca2+ orphen orphen H2O NH3 PW000003 Hyper