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Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1 Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A Vesicular glutamate transporter 3 Voltage- dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2 L-Glutamic acid Ca+ L-Glutamic acid Amantadine L-Glutamine Ca+ Ca+ L-Glutamic acid Ca+ Amantadine Amantadine H2O NH3 Glutamate Metabolism Hyperpolarization Cytosol Amantadine binds to the Glutamate NMDA receptor subunit 2 which prevents Glutamate from binding and activating the receptor. This prevents depolarization Postsynaptic Neuron The low concentration of calcium in the postsynaptic neuron causes hyperpolarization, which increases the membrane potential threshold, preventing depolarization Presynaptic Neuron Cytosol Glutamate can be synthesized in the neuron or often is synthesized in adjacent glial cells Glutamate would bind to the subunit epsilon-2 receptor, however due to the antagonism by Amantadine, glutamate is unable to bind in order to open the calcium channel so calcium is unable to enter the neuron Synaptic Vesicle Synapse Blood-Brain Barrier Diffusion
GRIN2A GRIN3A SLC17A8 CACNA1A GLS GRIN2B L-Glutamic acid Calcium L-Glutamic acid Amantadine L-Glutamine Calcium Calcium L-Glutamic acid Calcium Amantadine Amantadine Water Ammonia Glutamate Metabolism Hyperpolarization
GRIN2A GRIN3A SLC17A8 CACNA1A GLS GRIN2B Glu Ca+ Glu Viregyt Gln Ca+ Ca+ Glu Ca+ Viregyt Viregyt H2O NH3 PW000003 Hyper Cytosol Amantadine binds to the Glutamate NMDA receptor subunit 2 which prevents Glutamate from binding and activating the receptor. This prevents depolarization Postsynaptic Neuron The low concentration of calcium in the postsynaptic neuron causes hyperpolarization, which increases the membrane potential threshold, preventing depolarization Presynaptic Neuron Cytosol Glutamate can be synthesized in the neuron or often is synthesized in adjacent glial cells Glutamate would bind to the subunit epsilon-2 receptor, however due to the antagonism by Amantadine, glutamate is unable to bind in order to open the calcium channel so calcium is unable to enter the neuron Synaptic Vesicle Synapse Blood-Brain Barrier Diffusion
GRIN2A GRIN3A SLC17A8 CACNA1A GLS GRIN2B Glu Ca2+ Glu Viregyt Gln Ca2+ Ca2+ Glu Ca2+ Viregyt Viregyt H2O NH3 PW000003 Hyper