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Protein kinase
C alpha type
Voltage-
dependent
P/Q-type
calcium channel
subunit
alpha-1A
Voltage-
dependent
L-type calcium
channel subunit
beta-1
Voltage-
dependent
calcium channel
subunit
alpha-2/delta-2
Gq protein
signaling
cascade
Phospholipase C
Inositol 1,4,5-
trisphosphate
receptor type 1
Myosin light
chain kinase,
smooth muscle
Alpha-1A
adrenergic
receptor
Myosin LC-P
Myosin light
chain 3
Serine/threonine-
protein
phosphatase
PP1-beta
catalytic
subunit
Calmodulin-1
Calmodulin-1
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Norepinephrine
Ca
+
Ca
+
Ca
+
Norepinephrine
ATP
Phosphatidylinositol
4,5-bisphosphate
Ca
+
Diacylglycerol
Muscle
Contraction
Muscle
Relaxation
Calcium
Magnesium
Calcium
Manganese
Droxidopa is converted to
norepinephrine via
decarboxylation.
Myosin unbinds from actin
causing the sarcomere
filaments to slide leading
to muscle relaxation.
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Increased calcium binds
readily to calmodulin to
activate myosin light chain
kinase
There is an overall increase
in calcium levels in the
cytosol caused by the
activation of the Gq
signaling cascade
Cytosol
Activation of myosin light
chain kinase leads to high
concentration of myosin LC-P
which causes contractions of
the muscles
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell
Dilation
Norepinephrine binds alpha-1
receptor.
Actin Filament
Myosin Filament
Droxidopa is administered as
an oral tablet
PRKCA
CACNA1A
CACNB1
CACNA2D2
GNAQ
PLCB1
ITPR1
MYLK
ADRA1A
MYL3
MYL3
PPP1CB
CALM1
CALM1
Inositol 1,4,5-
trisphosphate
Norepinephrine
Calcium
Calcium
Calcium
Norepinephrine
Adenosine
triphosphate
Phosphatidylinositol
4,5-
bisphosphate
Calcium
Diacylglycerol
Muscle
Contraction
Muscle
Relaxation