Loading Pathway...
Error: Pathway image not found.
Hide
Pathway Description
Doxylamine H1 Antihistamine Neurological Sleep Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Drug Action Pathway
Created: 2023-08-22
Last Updated: 2023-11-27
Doxylamine is an ethanolamine class H1 antihistamine used to treat insomnia and allergy symptoms such as hay fever and hives. It is also used with pyridoxine in the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. H1-antihistamines interfere with the agonist action of histamine at the H1 receptor and are administered to attenuate inflammatory process in order to treat conditions such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and urticaria.
Wakefulness is regulated by histamine in the tuberomammillary nucleus, a part of the hypothalamus. Histidine is decarboxylated into histamine in the neuron. Histamine is transported into synaptic vesicles by a monoamine transporter then released into the synapse. Normally histamine would activate the H1 histamine receptor on the post-synaptic neuron in the tuberomammillary nucleus. Doxylamine inhibits the H1 histamine receptor, preventing the depolarization of the post-synaptic neuron. This prevents the wakefulness signal from being sent to the major areas of the brain, causing sleepiness.
References
Doxylamine H1 Antihistamine Neurological Sleep Pathway References
Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Guo AC, Lo EJ, Marcu A, Grant JR, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Sayeeda Z, Assempour N, Iynkkaran I, Liu Y, Maciejewski A, Gale N, Wilson A, Chin L, Cummings R, Le D, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M: DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1037.
Pubmed: 29126136
Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. doi: 10.1038/nrd2199.
Pubmed: 17139284
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. doi: 10.1038/nrd2132.
Pubmed: 17016423
Thakkar MM: Histamine in the regulation of wakefulness. Sleep Med Rev. 2011 Feb;15(1):65-74. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2010.06.004. Epub 2010 Sep 20.
Pubmed: 20851648
Passani MB, Lin JS, Hancock A, Crochet S, Blandina P: The histamine H3 receptor as a novel therapeutic target for cognitive and sleep disorders. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2004 Dec;25(12):618-25. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2004.10.003.
Pubmed: 15530639
Yamauchi K, Sato R, Tanno Y, Ohkawara Y, Maeyama K, Watanabe T, Satoh K, Yoshizawa M, Shibahara S, Takishima T: Nucleotide sequence of the cDNA encoding L-histidine decarboxylase derived from human basophilic leukemia cell line, KU-812-F. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Oct 11;18(19):5891. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.19.5891.
Pubmed: 2216786
Zahnow CA, Yi HF, McBride OW, Joseph DR: Cloning of the cDNA encoding human histidine decarboxylase from an erythroleukemia cell line and mapping of the gene locus to chromosome 15. DNA Seq. 1991;1(6):395-400.
Pubmed: 1768863
Mamune-Sato R, Yamauchi K, Tanno Y, Ohkawara Y, Ohtsu H, Katayose D, Maeyama K, Watanabe T, Shibahara S, Takishima T: Functional analysis of alternatively spliced transcripts of the human histidine decarboxylase gene and its expression in human tissues and basophilic leukemia cells. Eur J Biochem. 1992 Oct 15;209(2):533-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17317.x.
Pubmed: 1425659
Surratt CK, Persico AM, Yang XD, Edgar SR, Bird GS, Hawkins AL, Griffin CA, Li X, Jabs EW, Uhl GR: A human synaptic vesicle monoamine transporter cDNA predicts posttranslational modifications, reveals chromosome 10 gene localization and identifies TaqI RFLPs. FEBS Lett. 1993 Mar 8;318(3):325-30. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(93)80539-7.
Pubmed: 8095030
Erickson JD, Eiden LE: Functional identification and molecular cloning of a human brain vesicle monoamine transporter. J Neurochem. 1993 Dec;61(6):2314-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb07476.x.
Pubmed: 8245983
Peter D, Finn JP, Klisak I, Liu Y, Kojis T, Heinzmann C, Roghani A, Sparkes RS, Edwards RH: Chromosomal localization of the human vesicular amine transporter genes. Genomics. 1993 Dec;18(3):720-3.
Pubmed: 7905859
De Backer MD, Gommeren W, Moereels H, Nobels G, Van Gompel P, Leysen JE, Luyten WH: Genomic cloning, heterologous expression and pharmacological characterization of a human histamine H1 receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Dec 30;197(3):1601-8. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1993.2662.
Pubmed: 8280179
Fukui H, Fujimoto K, Mizuguchi H, Sakamoto K, Horio Y, Takai S, Yamada K, Ito S: Molecular cloning of the human histamine H1 receptor gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Jun 15;201(2):894-901. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1786.
Pubmed: 8003029
Moguilevsky N, Varsalona F, Noyer M, Gillard M, Guillaume JP, Garcia L, Szpirer C, Szpirer J, Bollen A: Stable expression of human H1-histamine-receptor cDNA in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Pharmacological characterisation of the protein, tissue distribution of messenger RNA and chromosomal localisation of the gene. Eur J Biochem. 1994 Sep 1;224(2):489-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.00489.x.
Pubmed: 7925364
Williams ME, Feldman DH, McCue AF, Brenner R, Velicelebi G, Ellis SB, Harpold MM: Structure and functional expression of alpha 1, alpha 2, and beta subunits of a novel human neuronal calcium channel subtype. Neuron. 1992 Jan;8(1):71-84. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(92)90109-q.
Pubmed: 1309651
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. doi: 10.1101/gr.2596504.
Pubmed: 15489334
Brust PF, Simerson S, McCue AF, Deal CR, Schoonmaker S, Williams ME, Velicelebi G, Johnson EC, Harpold MM, Ellis SB: Human neuronal voltage-dependent calcium channels: studies on subunit structure and role in channel assembly. Neuropharmacology. 1993 Nov;32(11):1089-102. doi: 10.1016/0028-3908(93)90004-m.
Pubmed: 8107964
Klugbauer N, Lacinova L, Marais E, Hobom M, Hofmann F: Molecular diversity of the calcium channel alpha2delta subunit. J Neurosci. 1999 Jan 15;19(2):684-91.
Pubmed: 9880589
Gao B, Sekido Y, Maximov A, Saad M, Forgacs E, Latif F, Wei MH, Lerman M, Lee JH, Perez-Reyes E, Bezprozvanny I, Minna JD: Functional properties of a new voltage-dependent calcium channel alpha(2)delta auxiliary subunit gene (CACNA2D2). J Biol Chem. 2000 Apr 21;275(16):12237-42. doi: 10.1074/jbc.275.16.12237.
Pubmed: 10766861
Hobom M, Dai S, Marais E, Lacinova L, Hofmann F, Klugbauer N: Neuronal distribution and functional characterization of the calcium channel alpha2delta-2 subunit. Eur J Neurosci. 2000 Apr;12(4):1217-26. doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.01009.x.
Pubmed: 10762351
Williams ME, Brust PF, Feldman DH, Patthi S, Simerson S, Maroufi A, McCue AF, Velicelebi G, Ellis SB, Harpold MM: Structure and functional expression of an omega-conotoxin-sensitive human N-type calcium channel. Science. 1992 Jul 17;257(5068):389-95. doi: 10.1126/science.1321501.
Pubmed: 1321501
Humphray SJ, Oliver K, Hunt AR, Plumb RW, Loveland JE, Howe KL, Andrews TD, Searle S, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Jones MC, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Babbage S, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford D, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Chen Y, Clarke G, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Collier RE, Corby N, Crosier M, Cummings AT, Davies J, Dhami P, Dunn M, Dutta I, Dyer LW, Earthrowl ME, Faulkner L, Fleming CJ, Frankish A, Frankland JA, French L, Fricker DG, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori J, Gilbert JG, Glison C, Grafham DV, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Guy J, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Harrison ES, Hart EA, Heath PD, Henderson CD, Hopkins BL, Howard PJ, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan S, Kershaw JK, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nisbett J, Nordsiek G, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Porter KM, Pandian R, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Povey S, Ramsey Y, Rand V, Scharfe M, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims SK, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward CA, Swarbreck D, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Thomas DW, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, Whitehead SL, Willey DL, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Ashurst JL, Coulson A, Blocker H, Durbin R, Sulston JE, Hubbard T, Jackson MJ, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J, Dunham I: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9. Nature. 2004 May 27;429(6990):369-74. doi: 10.1038/nature02465.
Pubmed: 15164053
Kim DS, Jung HH, Park SH, Chin H: Isolation and characterization of the 5'-upstream region of the human N-type calcium channel alpha1B subunit gene. Chromosomal localization and promoter analysis. J Biol Chem. 1997 Feb 21;272(8):5098-104. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.8.5098.
Pubmed: 9030575
Highlighted elements will appear in red.
Highlight Compounds
Highlight Proteins
Enter relative concentration values (without units). Elements will be highlighted in a color gradient where red = lowest concentration and green = highest concentration. For the best results, view the pathway in Black and White.
Visualize Compound Data
Visualize Protein Data
Downloads
Settings